Economic analysis of deposit insurance Essay

Federal deposit Insurance Corporation was an institution set by government back in 1930s to protect depositors fund held by bank. In the great depression of 1930 most depositors lost their fund following the collapse of many banks. After the stock market crash in 1929, financial market was adversely affected and by March 1933 more than 9,000 banks had already failed and this facilitated establishment of FDIC. Henceforth it has been evolving and finding alternative ways of insuring depositors fund against potential bank insolvency. FDIC guarantees a specific amount of deposit and checking for member banks. Since it establishment FDIC paid depositors in 1988 following the banking crisis fueled by high interest rate, inflation, recession and deregulation in the banking sector. More than 200 banks were in a liquidity problem and FDIC had to intervene to settle claims by depositors. Role of deposit insurance in the economy The main purpose of deposit insurance is to create financial stability in the economy. Majority of people did not bother to check whether their deposit was insured under deposit insurance but following the current financial crisis which started in mid 2007 which saw many banks and other company becoming insolvent most people are  Ã‚  increasingly becoming aware of the role and importance of deposit insurance in the economy. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 temporarily increased the basic limit of deposit insurance from $100,000 to $250,000 (Robert, 2009). Advocates of free market view deposit insurance as part of government intervention in the market and criticize it on the basis that a competitive market is self regulating and will act to correct any deviation that occurs in the market. however the great depression of 1930s and the current financial crisis   has proved that the market is not always self regulating and therefore there is a need for government intervention as proposed by Keynes in order to correct deviation in the market. although the classical economist argued that   in a competitive market system price, wages and interest rate would automatically adjust to restore the economy to full employment levels there existed certain factors such as investment demand, money demand, union and monopoly power that inhibited the automatic mechanism assumed by classical writers. Keynes advocate for discretion fiscal policies given the failure of automatic forces as a counter cyclical device to oppose advance trends in business cycles. In period of massive unemployment and depression, expansionary fiscal policy was required by government to solve the problem in less time than automatic forces ever could (Stephen, 2008). Deposit insurance creates confidence among the public and avoid panic withdrawals as those occasioned in UK when information reached the public that northern bank was experiencing liquidity problem and many account holder were queuing to withdraw there money from the bank. During the current financial crisis where many bank were declared insolvent FDIC compensated many deposit holders who  would otherwise lost their deposit. This not only helps to maintain financial stability but also improve economic growth (Robert & George, 2006). Where people receive compensation they will be able to increase the level of spending on goods and services. This increase in aggregate demand forces supplies to increase output in order to satisfy the growing demand. Supplies will in turn require additional input in term of labor, material and capital which reduces unemployment and increase economic growth.   The graph below indicates the role that deposit insurance can play during economic crisis for instance the current financial crisis.

Crash Film Essay Essay

Crash is a movie where director clearly and deliberately portrays the characters in within the context of many typical ethnic stereotypes that exist in our world today. Society sees race as an indicator of identity and ability. Instead of getting to know an individual, we see color or ethnicity first and assume that we already know them as well as their tendencies. This very problematic issue affects us all in some way or another. Racism is a very sensitive topic, but it cannot be ignored. This movie vividly shows us how America is a collage of cultures and that we must find a way to see past our misconceptions of one another. What’s most interesting to me is how the film sort of suggests that the realization that racism as well as other things is a problem can only be reached through a shocking personal experience of some kind. As stated earlier the movie deals with various sorts of racial and social order conflicts and show how some way things are all connected. It’s interesting to see how almost every main character held some sort of animosity towards someone because of race and ironically needed someone of the same decent. One example that sticks out the most to me regarding that is that of the district attorneys wife and how she wrote off the Hispanic locksmith and was rude to her (also Hispanic) hired help. The irony here comes when she hurts herself and the only person who cared to see about her was indeed her hired help. It was shocking to hear her say that the maid woman was her best friend. She had previous misconceptions about the woman and it turned out that she would take care of her before her husband or friend of 10 years. The movie also highlighted the aggressively hostile mental dispositions that many young black men carry. The character played by rapper Ludacris plays a highly opinionated, pro-black car thief who’s completely convinced that the world is a conspiracy made to hinder people of color. He rationalizes his bad judgment and illegal activity with the thoughts that the world are against his people and that he doesn’t take from black people. He states â€Å"the only reason black people steal from their own is because they’re terrified of white people.† His epiphany comes when he attempts to steal a car from a black man (another main character played by Terrance Howard) but to no avail. After a successful stand of and talk with police the character played by Howard tells him â€Å"you embarrass me, you embarrass yourself.† I think that statement stuck with him because it was coming from his own, especially considering the way he perceived his surroundings and how he thought of other people oppressing his people. Crash is the perfect example of how we as a human race deal with life; it shines a heavy light on people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be taken and viewed as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I personally think that is the fact of life that keeps us apart and constantly in a mix. We as humans so easily recognize other humans but don’t stop there, it’s almost our nature to spot out differences and exhaust them in whatever manner both positive and most times negative. There is one example of how a man’s racism comes from experience rather than it being taught as in how most cases of racism are assumed to be. I always thought that racism occurred as a result of a person’s upbringing. If your parents were racist, there is a good chance that you would be a racist too. At first glance, the character played by Matt Dillon exhibits characteristics that supported my theory. Dillon clearly had a close bond with his father and later, we discover the roots of his racism. Initially I assumed that Dillon’s character had absorbed his racist views from his father based on his attitudes towards black people. However, as the film progresses we find out that his father was not racist towards black people. It was him who developed these thoughts and views in combination with his father’s negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD. This is what allowed him to form his own attitude towards blacks. To conclude the biggest problem we have regarding racism is ignorance. A prime example of ignorance occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian store owner and his daughter went to buy a gun. The clerk at the gun store made blatantly racist comments about the customers. There were several references to the twin towers and planes. It didn’t matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. A reoccurring theme was that after 9/11; all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people have the ability to take bad events and cast their own prejudices on different groups of people to cover their own feelings of anger and frustration. This brings me to my main point that; as the movie crash shows, we have been systematically trained to harbor anger towards other groups of people as a result of ignorance. This we must stop. View as multi-pages

Unit 64

Beth Mcpherson Unit 064 Context and Principles for Early Years Provisions. 064. 1. 1 The 4 different principles that the EYFS covers are a unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments and learning development. Every child is a unique child who is constantly learning and can be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured. Practitioners understand and observe each child’s development and learning, assess progress and plans for next steps. They support babies and children to develop a positive sense of their own identity and culture also identify any need for additional support.The practitioner will keep the children safe and value and respect all children and families equally. Children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships. Positive relationships are warm and loving, and foster a sense of belonging, sensitive and responsive to the children’s needs and families. Supportive of the children’s own efforts and independence a nd also consistent in setting clear boundaries. Stimulating the child and built on key persons relationships in the early year’s settings.Children learn and develop well in enabling environments, in which their experiences respond to their individual needs and there is a strong partnership between practitioners and parents and carers. Enabling environments means valuing all people and value learning they offer stimulating resources, relevant to all the children’s cultures and communities. Rich learning opportunities through play and playful teaching and support for children to take risks and explore. 064. 1. 2 064. 1. 3 064. 3. 1 064. 3. 2 064. 3. 3 064. 3. 4

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction Essay

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction - Essay Example The nexus should deal with each branch individually according to the income generated (Rigos 20). The taxation issue will not be of a huge effect because flick has achieved a state of the art technology (Rigos 22). This technology assists it in the faster production of lighters and at a cheaper price than the competitors against it (Rigos 25). The Flink’s geared effort to save income taxes of the state, this effort has led it to contribute all the intellectual properties it owns to a subsidiary (Rigos 32). The taxing agency will consider this hence they will not situate the tax at a high level (Rigos 33). The taxing agency should understand that more sales do not imply that the company is earning more money. The taxation agency should be considerate of the money spent by the company (Rigos 35). The rate of income is quite high hence the company’s output rate is remarkably low this means that the tax payment will be of low impact on the company (Rigos 39). The company’s mode of marketing is immensely powerful hence resulting to a lot of income via the sales made (Rigos 39). The company filling of sales will indicate how the company has been progressing to the taxation agency (Rigos 42). This will make the taxation agency decide what to tax this company thus avoiding over taxation. (Rigos 43) The tax must not be a discriminating element against interstate commerce, and the tax must be relatively fair to the states services provided (Rigos 45). The company got introduced to the internet marketing thus boosting the cigarette lighter sale to a tremendous figure (Rigos 46). The company pays the other advertising companies money based on the tax amount that can be a result from each click through to the companies link (Rigos 48). Because the tax is enforceable exaction and not a contribution which is voluntary, the company should pay the dues so as to assist in the generation of the state’s

The way play-based approaches to teaching and learning impact in the Research Proposal

The way play-based approaches to teaching and learning impact in the quality education - Research Proposal Example trategies are areas presented in the National Curriculum's framework as highly structured, which in turn allows them very little space for creativity. Therefore, young children in year one are asked to sit down, listen, and follow directions most of the time. Unfortunately, in this way they are being offered little encouragement and suppport to develop their learning dispositions (Broadhead, 2003). This appears to be the key to the problem. Judging by the circumstances, it seems very difficult for early years practitioners in the UK, particularly those working in reception and year one classes, to create a positive environment to facilitate children's learning through play, as the majority of theorists state. Anyway, it is well known that begining primary school entails a transition into a more formal curriculum. Therefore, we believe that finding a balance between play-based activities and more specific tasks would be a good way of considering children's needs and interests. Hopefully, this less structured and moer informal way of proceding, will facilitate teachers' job when they have to plan what they aim children to learn in relation to the National Curriculum requirements (Palmer and Pettitt, 1993). Aims Research in the early years education is considered essential and can generate data that can be applicable for further research, policy modification, as well as for the improvement of practice (Pascal, 1993) . The aim of the present study is to discover UK's primary teachers in year one understandings of play, and how this impacts on their practice, as they have to contemplate the National Curriculum's statuory demands. Answers to the following questions were sought: 1) To explore the understandings of play currently held byUK's primary teachers in... The study will consist in a small-scale survey to investigate year one teachers understandings of play and believes about the primary National Curriculum, and how these impact on practice. In addition, will investigate if year one children consider they get to play in the classroom. Robson explains that small-scale surveys are one of the traditional qualitative research strategies, as they are suitable for studies that seek to describe and analyse some aspect or situation. He also states that a disadvantage in the use of questionnaires and/or interviews is that respondents will not necessarily report their understandings and believes, for a number of reasons. Therefore, a type of external validity is necessary if the purpose of the study is to seek if their is a line between what people say and do. In this way, as the behaviour of teachers’ is an essential aspect in the study as well, observation techniques will be also included to learn about teachers practice in the classroo m, and then to describe, analyse and interpret what was observed.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

All Quiet on the Western Front - Essay Example The main themes of this piece are specifically the emotional, physical, and psychological impacts of combat. In addition, the focus of the piece has to do with friendships and interaction between people that function as a means of getting through horrific situations. One of the elements of this piece is the concept of new technology. The advent of tanks, poisonous gases, and trenches appears throughout the story illustrating the butchery taking place. These new technological advances only aided in more precise and efficient killing. They also removed the killer a bit from who he was killing. In other words, placing a tank between two people depersonalizes the action of murder. One of the heavier themes in this piece is the idea of nationalism and its hypocrisy. During the time period that this piece was written, nationalism was on the rise and acted as a catalyst for the first world war. Many authors that wrote about the war glorified the idea of nationalism, patriotism, and fighting for one’s country. This piece was opposite to the notion of nationalism and patriotism. In fact, Remarque emphasis the idea that the soldiers are not fighting for country at all but rather to survive. Even though Paul is lured into the idea of joining the German army by his schoolmaster, Kantorek, he no sooner becomes a soldier and realizes the waste and meaninglessness of war. At one point, Paul returns home on leave and discovers how damaged he has become by the war, †And even if these scenes of our youth were given back to us we would hardly know what to do. . . . I believe we are lost†(). The reader follows Paul through the story as he loses friends one by one, â€Å"Our knowledge of life is limited to death† (Chapter Ten). In the end of the piece, it is the loss of Kat that seems to unravel Paul completely. He loses hope and stops caring. Kat was initially injured and when Paul was carrying him on his back to safety, Kat sustained a lethal head

Managerial Accounting and Organizational Controls Assignment

Managerial Accounting and Organizational Controls - Assignment Example At $10.5 per pair the cost, the company will purchase the 10,000 bindings at $105,000. Adding this, we get $110,000 allocation for the bindings for the supplier so that making and outsourcing are the same. Dividing this by the annual number of pairs will yield $11 which is the ceiling price that Minnetonka can be charged for ski-bindings. 3. Tables 3 and 4 shows the calculation if the new sales volume rise to 12,500 and the new expense of $10,000 is allocated to equipment rental. In this situation, the company could still save if it chooses to outsource its bindings as it will not be bothered by the incremental allocation for equipment. Usually, these suppliers are affected as outsourcing the assembly of components will mean cutting back on orders. The company should also look at the willingness of its workforce. Outsourcing may mean terminating employees which could trigger resentment in the human resource. Also, the company should ensure that the company to outsource the ski binding meets the quality requirements of Minnetonka. A balanced scorecard is a new approach to strategic management developed by Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton to provide a clear description of the aspects that companies should measure to balance the financial perspective. According to them, the balanced scorecard is a "management system (not only a measurement system) that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action" (Balanced Scorecard Institute 1). It works by providing significant feedback around both the internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results.  Ã‚  

Boeing Stock Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boeing Stock Market - Essay Example The N&SS segment engages in the research , development, production, and modification of products and services that assist in the transformation of operations to be network - centric, though integration , intelligence and surveillance systems, communications architecture and space exploration. The BCC segment facilitates, arranges, structures and provides selective financing solutions in the commercial aircraft market, and the space and defense markets .This segment portfolio consists of financial leases, notes and other receivables, equipment under operating leases, and investments and assets held for sale or re-lease. Operating margins for Boeing are lower than the competition. This is because Boeing is primarily into the highly competitive civil aviation sector, while its competitors are mostly in defense related products, where pricing is not that big an issue. The price earning ratio indicates that relative to the competition, Boeing has been valued at a higher price by the market. Overall, the industry P/E indicates that defense/aviation sector prices are still reasonable , and there is upside potential still remaining. situation where demand for its product is high, and global supply is low, the cash flow will keep coming. So, in this volatile market, I am buying stocksBoeing's backlog 's worth approximately 263 Billion U.S.D. This demand is not just from the U.S.

Introduction to the Special Section on Dramatic Play Essay - 1

Introduction to the Special Section on Dramatic Play - Essay Example Dreams can occur in any of four stages of sleep. But the most memorable and flamboyant dreams occur in REM sleep or last stage of sleep. Sleep cycle reiterates itself about four to five times on average per night, but can be repeated as many as seven times. Therefore, one can imagine why people have different dreams during one night. But, mostly people only remember the dreams that happen during the time they are about to wake up. People don’t remember those dreams don’t mean they never happened. Some people think that they don’t dream at all but in reality, they do but just don’t remember what they dreamt about (Porter, 1987). How did Freud use dreams to help people understand their behaviors? What evidence did he use to support the contention that dream analysis is a valid way of treating mental illnesses? Did the evidence he provide support his claims?   Psychotherapy is a way that the dream material is examined clinically. It is vital to realize that dream is never used by you itself. When you are telling someone about your dream, it is not possible to portray the images you supposed while you were sleeping. Putting dream into words is a flawed endeavor to explain what you witnessed. Freud advised that dreams may reproduce our unconscious and unrecognized desires and fears. He said that person’s dreams are interpretations of psychological well being. He suggested that the unconscious disturbances in the thoughts of people are depicted in dreams and mental health is enhanced by interpreting the dreams (Zimbardo, Johnson & McCann, 2009). The idea that Freud brought about dreams harvest little bolster within modern psychology. His overuse and use of the symbolization occurring within dreams, and the symbols was representative of sexual organs which bore little credence at that time and even lesser psychoanalysis that had that

Comparative police systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative police systems - Essay Example ther country and while arguing the extent to which they do so is beyond the scope of the present research, the research shall, nevertheless establish this to be the case with reference to surveillance. Through a comparative analysis of the post 9/11 right to surveillance granted to either of the two states, this paper shall demonstrate that even though the USA constitutes a more critical case than the UK, the right and expectation to privacy in both countries has been critically undermined. Laws governing privacy in the United Kingdom have traditionally, and customarily, restricted the right of the state to engage in the surveillance of citizens without establishing, and arguing, a cause to do so and obtaining the necessary warrants. The Interception of Communications Act (1985) effectively disallows law enforcement, or any representative of the state, from intercepting the telephone and electronic communication of citizens unless it is first established that doing so is integral, either to national security, or for the negation of the real and immediate threat which that person, or those whom he/she communicates with, pose towards society (Lloyd, 1986). Added to that, and as Carter (2001) explains, the European Convention on Human Rights, to which the United Kingdom is subject, holds that, other than when authorized by a court following the submission of evidence which clearly shows that surveillance is necessary for the prevention of a crime or the negation of an imm ediate threat, any form of state surveillance of private citizens, constitutes both a violation of their most basic civil and human rights. In other words, the pre 9/11 and pre 7/7 situation in the United Kingdom was such that strict regulatory frameworks effectively restricted the right of the state to engage in the surveillance of its citizens. As regards the pe-9/11 situation in the United States, despite the fact that the US Constitution makes no explicit provisions for privacy, the

Towards the Better Light Essay Example for Free

Towards the Better Light Essay The speaker in Elizabeth Bishop’s poem â€Å"The Fish† portrays someone who is rather inexperienced to what he is doing. An amateur in fishing if I may say due to several lines in the poem that suggests the speaker is confused with conscience upon catching the fish. The poem narrates a series of striking turns of emotions felt by the speaker towards his catch. First is the excitement and thrill of actually catching a fish, followed by being dumbfounded by the fish’s state: weak and powerless due to the many battles and struggles it might have been through before. The speaker becomes extremely at awe with the features of the fish, given a long list of descriptions all throughout the poem appealing to all senses for optimum understanding of the readers. It is as if the speaker desperately wants everyone to understand how he exactly saw the fish and how he actually felt at that moment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking at the long list of detailed descriptions, it is evident that the speaker is moved and is renewed by this experience. In fact, he was so moved that confusion overtaking him has led to the decision of finally letting the fish go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Epiphany, as Levin might define it, has overtaken the speaker in such a way that the experience is almost, if not life changing. Understanding the life of the fish somehow illuminated him, giving him a huge revelation to the meaning of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Changes in one’s life, as the speaker in Larkin’s poem A Study of Reading Habits may not be as moving as the amateur fisher in Bishop’s poem sees it. Rather, it may be more on deteriorating and depressing. The second poem entitled A Study of Reading Habits is also in a narrative form. It tells of the story of a person in three major points of his life- as a young boy, as a teenager and as an adult. The speaker expressed his emotions during these points through his portrayal of his reading habits during that time. Irony is present in the poem, as the decency and formality of the title contrasts the actual content of the poem, which is filled with slang terms such as â€Å"ripping† and â€Å"stewed†. This somewhat creates an image of sarcasm to give emphasis to the unfolding of a series of turmoil and depression throughout the speaker’s life. In the first stanza, reading serves as a way to brighten up his day if he is bullied and picked on by bigger kids in school. Using the term â€Å"cured†, the speaker points out that as a child, the books have comforted and soothed his fears of being oppressed because each time he reads, he enters a different world where he can be as strong and as magnificent as he wants to be. At adolescence, described in the second stanza, the speaker views the act of reading as a means of fantasizing sex in a dark, evil way. His sexual urges are probably triggered by erotic and ecstatic readings, as a naturally occurring part of puberty and adolescence. During these two stages in his life, reading has become his escape. He is very much relieved and transformed by the act of reading and whatever trouble and sadness he experiences in the real world is somehow erased by literary works. At these two stages, reading is still considered a good thing for him. However, as the speaker reaches adulthood, he came to a point of realization where his views have changed due to possibly more unfavorable events. At his point of realization, he now sees that reading cannot solve or even change whatever is happening in his life. Even his escapist tendencies in the form of reading cannot save him from believing that he is a loser, a failure of some sort.    Proofs to this are lines like â€Å"the dude who lets the girl down† and â€Å"the chap who’s yellow†, suggesting that even in his fantasies and made up world of stories, he still ends up being bad at what he does. The way I see it, it is not a form of depression but merely sadness. The speaker does not feel empty at all, but he feels terribly sad about not getting what he wants the way he has imagined things to turn out, or not getting what he wants at all. He does not blame the books for his sadness, but he now believes that he cannot rely on it as an escape from his sadness. Contrasting the amateur fisher with the troubled adult, the poems create two opposing attitudes towards life. The amateur fisher, a hopeful and inexperienced person that he is, finds beauty even in a lowly creature as the fish. He is able to empathize with the state of the fish and appreciate life in a better light through what he has witnessed. Being able to understand and feel the pains experienced by the fish, the amateur fisher is moved and blessed that he is in a better state. He let the fish go in exchange for a new lesson in life. The adult who has turned his back on reading, on the other hand, is more of a pessimist. He creates a negative aura in his life because he has let the drastic changes in his life get in the way of his joys. From finding it as a cure for sadness and oppression, â€Å"A load of crap† is how he now views the act of reading. Along with his maturity is the change in his attitude towards things. One is optimistic: learning from his experiences towards the better light while one sticks to his one- sided view of life, letting his self to be caught up in a dark, cold corner. References Bishop, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Fish†. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Meyer, Michael.5th Edition.   Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 509-511. Larkin, Philip. â€Å"A Study of Reading Habits†. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Meyer, Michael.5th Edition. Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 511-512. Levin, Harry ed. The Portable James Joyce. New York: Viking, 1947. .

Jonathan Livingstone Seagull Essay Example for Free

Jonathan Livingstone Seagull Essay After reading on Jonathan Livingstone seagull, write down reflective value and believe about the meaning and purpose of life. Jonathan Livingston Seagull is about a very independent bird, who dared to question what was being taught and told to him by the elders. He didnt just want to spend his days searching for food and hanging out doing what was expected of him. He was different, and dared to dream. He spent his days learning to fly faster and better than any other gull in the flock. He learned from all of his searching and trying that he could do anything, if he wanted it badly enough and just went for it, even to the point of becoming an outcast. At one point in time, in so learning and perfecting his craft, he crash landed and died, going onto a higher lever of his awareness, to learn more lessons from his guide, Fletcher. He continues through the story, becoming more and more proficient in his endeavours and in turn becomes a teacher/guide to others, becoming a kind and loving soul along the way. Jonathan Livingston Seagull is a bird who wants nothing more than to fly. Raised in a group of gulls that saw flying as only a means to an end, Jonathan challenged their way of life by believing that flying could be about more than transportation or getting food it could be about joy and happiness and freedom. When told he was irresponsible for trying exceed his expectations Jonathan replied: Who is more responsible than a gull who finds and follows a meaning, a higher purpose for life? For a thousand years we have scrabbled after fish heads and now we have a reason to live to learn, to discover, to be free! An outcast from his flock, Jonathan took his exile with a grain of salt, finding joy in his love for flight and his constant desperate desire to grow and to learn. He pushes himself to the breaking point and is never satisfied enough with his knowledge and never tires of the quest to obtain more. Bach gives us a character that stands alone with his ideas and beliefs and is rewarded for his patience and courage. The second half of the book shows Jonathan learning so much that he transcends his earthly form into a higher plane of being. Here, Jonathan is met with other gulls who like him, strive for excellence and do not see flying as a means to an end, but simply love to fly for the sake of loving it. This part begins to reflect a bit of the Buddhist mindset about heaven and a universal knowledge which can seem a bit confusing at first. Jonathan finally returns to his flock on Earth to try for better or worse to show that there is more to life than what they are striving for. This is a fable about the importance of making the most of our lives, even if our goals run contrary to the norms of our flock, tribe or neighbourhood. Through the metaphor of flight, Jonathan’s story shows us that, if we follow our dreams, we too can soar. Amazing inspiring story of seagulls. It tells us nothing is impossible in this world. You just have to have the desire to achieve it.

BMW and Rosslyn Plants Supply Chain Management and Logistics

BMW and Rosslyn Plants Supply Chain Management and Logistics BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke), is arguably a luxury car manufacturer. BMW group headquarter is in Munich, Germany, however the company is settle all over the world (BMW Group, 2004) More detailed in (Appendix 1). In the early 1973, BMW opened his first international plant in Rosslyn South Africa (Autointell.com, 2007). Introduction The shifting business conditions of the 21st century has led to companies facing issues ranging from economic uncertainty to new technologies, globalisation and increasing consumer demands. In the automobile industry, as manufacturers design and build vehicles globally, their supply chains turn into increasingly multifaceted with challenges that frequently stand in the way of profitability and higher shareholder value such as long order-to-delivery lead times, unpredictable production schedules, excess inventory across the supply chain, lengthy demand planning cycles and lack of visibility of suppliers. The effect of the global economic meltdown increased the pressure on automotive executives to make right decisions about their supply chain for better performance. This paper will analyze how the German car manufacturer BMW South Africa (SA) at Rosslyn plant operates and how supply chain is conceived, supported, delivered and developed as well as identify the inventory management and the performance improvement that are affected by the identifying the logistics and supply chain management (SCM) systems as a possible strategy to respond to changing consumer demand. BMW Supply Chain Management process Supply chain management (SCM) can be defined as the design and management of seamless, value-added process across organisational boundaries to meet the real needs of the end customer (Fawcett et al., 2007). Generally, SCM involves relationships and managing the inflow and outflow of goods, services and information (network) between and within producers, manufacturers and the consumers (Christopher, 2005; Samaranayake, 2005; Gripsrud, 2006). A supply chain includes all activities, functions and facilities (directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end user (Sherer, 2005). It consists of an upstream supplier network and downstream channel (Mangan et al, 2008). The supply chain process at BMW starts from the customer and ends with the customer. BMW uses built-to-order structure to provide their customers what they want. Customer makes their request online or throughout the dealers. The information is then transmitted to Munich (Germany) which is captured in a central database. Bill distribution is done to establish cost of manufacturing and deciding where the car will be manufactured (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). This is informed by the nature and design of the product, the cost involved and the lead time. All parts are complete on built-to-stock foundation on the model life of the car imported. Parts are received at the Cape Town international airport by shipment in the case of South Africa Rosslyn plant (SAP) (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). It is then conveyed to the Rosslyn plant in Pretoria where it is then assembly. After assembled, it is taken to the warehouse where it is transported to the dealers set for collection by the customer (Ka ps, 2006). Several of the manufacturing, distribution of cars, suppliers of parts, exportation, quality values at BMW and the employ of mySAP technology for steering communication. These processes can be explained as follows. Production The production practice of cars goes during different shops where precise technologies are practical to make sure that value cars are delivered to customers. The procedure starts at Body-in-White Shop, where diverse pressed body parts are assembled into a body shell (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The next procedure is the Paint Shop, where it is painted according to the customers request. At last the painted body goes to Assembly Shop where parts are fixed as per specification ordered by the customer. The essential issue is stretchy manufacturing (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Paintings of car A painting of car is flexible to manufacture cars which meet the customers exact requests. Colour is an important principle for the customer choosing a car and is an influential marketing tool. Each customer is provided with the specific model require, with personalised features and all the options ordered, calls for an exceptionally high standard, not only in assembly but also in production and vehicle delivery management (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). However, one of the main activities on the assembly line occurs at the mix point: the point at which the engine and drive train are mixed to the body of the car. Improvements are made on the assembly line which has made it possible for BMW plant to produce all the 3 Series 4-door model derivatives and option requirements for the local and export market (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Suppliers and assembly line BMW Rosslyn plant for example has about 44 local suppliers. Suppliers bring more than 60% of the mechanism of each car to the line. Just in time (JIT) supply processes ensure that certain components of the vehicle are on the assembly line just in time to be fixed to the exact vehicle they are made for. JIT supply systems are used to bring door panels, exhaust systems and rear and front axles to the correct point on the assembly line. Using a JIT supply scheme saves space by minimizing stock on the premise (Acamdemicsjournal.org, 2010). Typically, there is only one and a half hours of stock on the line at any set time which prevents damage to stock transport costs and saves storage. BMW plant delivers world-class worth products to consumers across the globe. All operational production is managed for offering uncompromising, best quality. However each and all procedure in manufacturing involved the car is checked for process inspections and aptitudes are implemented where needed (Acade micsjournal.org, 2010). Distribution BMW plant Vehicle Distribution Centre (VDC) has a distribution facility and a cost-effective storage, allowing the safety and quality protection of the vehicles. A 200-vehicle car-train loads export vehicles use dedicated railway facilities and off-loads each day import vehicles. For example Rosslyn plant has about 196 dealers locally. Vehicles intended for dealers are loaded onto car carriers and to dealerships around the country, which save the vehicle from any marks wear and scratch prior to delivery to a customer (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). All vehicles are inspected by associates VDC prior to loading to guarantee that the highest possible levels of quality delivery to dealers are maintained. The VDC provides a mechanical and paint/body workshop for the service and repair of company vehicles in addition to approve used cars. Manufactured vehicles are then transported to Durban (SA) for export. Transportation of vehicles to Durban port is on a daily basis. BMW South Africa (SA) has two train carriers, each one with a storage capacity of 176 units (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The trains are used to transport imports units from Durban harbour to the VDC in Rosslyn. The vehicles are loaded onto car carrying vessels at the Durban harbour, known as RORO ships. These ships transport vehicles to several marketplaces at the opposite ends of the earth. Cars are conveyed on a bi-monthly basis to the Far East, USA and Australia, respectively (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The transit period differs depending to the destination: Japan 23 days, USA 29 49 days, Australia 13 22 days (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Quality Standards To ensure optimum customer satisfaction, the built quality of the vehicles produced at BMW Rosslyn Plant is measured through a process called Complete Product Audit. This audit compares the quality of a unit to the customers requirements, including technical specifications, fitment and function. These audits are performed throughout the build process at specified points. These strict audit standards are set at BMW Germany by the Central Quality department and are the same for all BMW plant (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Using mySAP at BMW BMW uses mySAP Automotive to inspect assembly rank in real time. MySAP automotive parts use information and registers production validation every three minutes. Although, parts used during assembly are separately from the inventory count, and costs are posted to calculate the value of work in process. mySAP automotive helps to reduce order-to delivery time, reinforces supply chain activities in the areas of demand planning by tracking, tracing of material deliveries and improves inventory accuracy across BMW plant enabling significant reduction time-to customer (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). It also receives custom-configured manufacturing orders from BMWs planning system which include all the parts necessary to manufacture each car. However, BMW sends these long-horizon forecasts and short-horizon JIT delivery schedules to its suppliers. Larger suppliers receive the information via electronic data interchange (EDI) whereas other suppliers access the mySAP automotive supplier portal , where BMW posts the requirements to present up-to-date information on its delivery needs (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). By using only an Internet browser, suppliers can view this information in real time, including purchase documents, engineering documents, release schedules and invoices. When they ship parts, the suppliers send BMW advance shipping notifications (ASNs) to provide the car manufacturer with exact information on parts counts and delivery dates. Parts arriving at the BMW dock are then received and transferred directly to the line (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW plant has fully integrated systems and network worldwide because BMW uses a service management system as part of a wider plan to improve supply chain lifecycles. The platform is triggered by complexities in the technology embedded in its cars and subsequent demand for systems to support servicing (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW uses a portal to integrate information and systems with its suppliers which leads to faster information platform for communication however -advance technology applications is also used such as mySAP, JIT manufacturing, built-to-order which are all characteristics of lean manufacturing and innovations (Mangan et al, 2008; Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW Rosslyn plant logistics Logistics is part of the overall strategy of BMW as is part of the supply chain such as flows of material, information, people and equipment (BMWGroup.com, 2007). Doing logistics involves various activities such sourcing and purchasing inputs, managing inventorying, maintaining warehouses, and arranging transportation and delivery. (Mangan et al, 2010: ) Logistics play an important role in the manufacturing and the production of BMWs products which are shaped by a very highly and flexible efficient production network with mature work practice and the most advanced plants and facilities. As a worldwide player, the BMW Group is represented through its quality products of the BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brand in more than 140 countries. A flexible network of 23 production plants in 12 countries ensures that each customer receives the car he has ordered tailored to his specific needs and preferences (BMW Group, 2010). Efficient and flexible assembly at BMW is guaranteed by stylised logistics for an efficient production and a smooth flow of materials. Proficient logistics at BMW ensures accurate delivery of the parts required exactly on time, with a smooth and accurate flow of parts from BMW Group components or supplier (BMW Group, 2007). My SA 2nd automotive receives custom-configured manufacturing orders from BMWs planning system (Sap.com, 2010). The orders include: Mass customization BMW plants were designed to allow maximum flexibility and effective communications two factors that BMW emphasized for customization of its cars. BMW was reputed for its customization program, which allowed buyers to design their own cars from a set of available options. These orders were then transported to the factory which manufactured them according to the requests, which are then delivered to the buyers in the shortest possible time. In manufacturing world, this structure is called mass customization (IcmIndia.org, n.d), which is one of the essential enablers of agile supply chain as it combines both advantages of mass customization with those of production (IcmIndia, n.d; Mangan et al, 2008). Most analysts agree that BMW was one of the prominent implementers of mass customization in the auto industry. BMW promoted differentiation of it products which is an important attribute for luxury car by proving 1000 bumpers variation, 4000 panels choices and 488 different door panels (See Appendix 2 Interesting facts). A very high percentage of their output is already made to order (Autoexpress.co.uk, 2010). Role of supplier and IT BMW suppliers are located near the factory which is makes easy to be accessible and the time waste. The company keep the supplier constantly in the information loop and the information system for assembly. BMW had a very accurate ERP solution established by SAP. It linked the SCM very well. Once the data entered it reached automatically to production areas (Scribd.com, 2010). BMW at Rosslyn plant is typical example of how this IT practice has been organised using synchronised logistics. In the BMW example the incoming trucks are set a pager and preparing the specification by radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on arrival which is sent either straight to one of the waiting area or to the waiting bays. When the next loading bay in the delivery/pickup sequence for a given truck becomes available, the truck is paged to drive up and be unloaded / loaded (Psionteklogix.com, 2010). The RFID unit as well acts as a transponder to recognize the loading bay location of the truck in the factory during its activities, which are monitored by the system. In other instances such as at DaimlerChrysler Bremen the incoming trucks for JIT and JIS (Just-In- Second) deliveries all have GPS and radio data units and they are tracked from their starting point at the supplier to the factory (Psionteklogix.com, 2010). By monitoring the progress of the incoming trucks any dela ys are recognized in advance and the unloading plan amended accordingly. Based on the planned arrival of vehicles, the SyncroSupply system can plan the allocation of unloading bays, forklifts and other equipment essential to unload the goods and get them to their final location in the factory. In addition to supplier vehicles the system also manages internal truck movements, inter factory transfers, milk runs, return of empties (psionteklogix.com 2010, Ciltuck.org.uk, 2010). Performance improvement The automotive industry is currently witnessing rapid increases in the number of models and model variants that are available on the global market. The industry is now required to meet specific customer requirements in terms of specification and delivery date. Therefore, a fundamental change in BMW manufacturer shifted towards build-to-order, suggesting dramatic rise in flexibility and responsiveness across supply chain partners by implemented the leagile framework. Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to customer end of the supply chain (downstream) while providing level scheduling supplier end of the supply chain (upstream) from the marketplace (Mangan et al, 2010). In order to achieve leagile supply chain, the upstream at BMW of the decoupling point have best suit the need for responding to an unpredictable demand designed to be lean while downstream agile (Mangan et al, 2008). Critical analysis Although the efficient supply chain processes and technology following the process needs to be faultless and as quicker as possible for survival in these uncertain times. BMW plant is quite flexible to customer demands giving the choice for them to request the type of cars they want at the appropriate price available. Cars are built-to-customers orders rather than by mass production. For example, differentiation techniques are used during painting as well as choices of the car features for comfort, hence flexible manufacturing. They do not hold inventory because the strategy is focused on built-to-order, so cars are made in sequence as the orders are placed using advanced technology such as mySAP which communicates demand planning across the supply chain (BMWGroup.com, 2004; Mangan et al 2008). Hence, BMW acquire characteristics of lean and agile supply chain (BMWGroup, 2004). Therefore the implementation of a framework for leagile supply chain at BMW is best so as to react to change s in the market (Mangan et al, 2008). Traditionally, the BMW has employed mass production strategy focusing on cost reduction (Zhang and Chen, 2006). However, due to globalisation, changes in the business environment etc, there has been a noticeable shift from the practice (Elkins, 2004; Sweicki and Gerth, 2008). BMW Rosslyn plant and the automobile industry in general have felt the results of the global economic meltdown resulting in a noticeable the actors of the supply decrease in sales and export across the globe (BMWGroup.com, 2007). To alleviate the situation, BMW has focused on strategies cost reduction with suppliers by reducing manufacturing plants. Not surprisingly, cost containment is a concern that figures prominently on the automobile agenda (Mangan et al. 2008). IBM (2009) survey indicates that there are five primary challenges facing auto makers in this economic downturn. This includes risk, customer demand, visibility, cost containment and globalisation which are raising interest rate, raw material, energ y cost and strong fluctuation. In this uncertain business climate, in addition to lean manufacturing, automobile manufacturers should be agile and responsive in addressing change which is BMW characteristics. A superior supply chain is a must to help auto manufacturers redesign and differentiate themselves (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). The application of RFID technology at BMW warehouse has enabled the reading of multiple items simultaneously is an ubiquitous technology which could reduced motivation and job satisfaction which could lead to the reduction of operational performance because employee involvement in system design is important (Mangan et al, 2008). However there is the necessity to redesign and redefine BMW supply chain strategies, operations and layouts thus as to be able to react to varying market demands. It should be accepted that BMW have both lean and agile characteristics and the full implementation of a leagile supply chain is vital for the survival of BMW in th is uncertain business times and for the years to come. Conclusions In a highly challenging and competitive environment such as today, where supply chain is a popular tool for improving the organisational competitiveness, an efficient and effective supply chain strategy is a must for BMW and their component manufacturers so as to meet changing consumer demands.

Point of View in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay

Point of View in Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The choice that a novelist makes in deciding the point of view for a novel is hardly a minor one. Few authors make the decision to use first person narration by secondary character as Ken Kesey does in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.   By choosing Bromden as narrator instead of the central character of Randle Patrick McMurphy, Kesey gives us narration that is objective, that is to say from the outside of the central character, and also narration that is subjective and understandably unreliable. The paranoia and dementia that fill Bromden's narration set a tone for the struggle for liberation that is the theme of the story. It is also this choice of narrator that leads the reader to wonder at the conclusion whether the story was actually that of McMurphy or Bromden. Kesey's choice of narrative technique makes One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest a successful novel. It would be hard to ignore biographical information when analyzing a work by Ken Kesey, because of both his involvement with the Beat writers and as an advocate for hallucinogenic drugs. In fact, it is said that Kesey created the narrator of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest during a peyote hallucination, when an Indian came to him (Tanner 21). While his choice of the Indian, a supposed deaf mute, as narrator seems out of the norm it is even more so when comparing Kesey to the other Beat writers. McMurphy can be compared closely to Dean Moriarty of Jack Kerouac's On The Road, but Bromden is nothing like Kerouac's narrator, Sal Paradise. Certainly the loud and boisterous McMurphy would have made for an interesting narrator for this novel but this would have provided for a very different ending. Even the... ...oo's Nest. Ed. George J. Searles. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1992. 5-11. Hunt, John W. "Flying the Cuckoo's Nest: Kesey's Narrator as Norm." Lex et Scientia 13 (1977): 27-32. Rpt. in A Casebook on Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Ed. George J. Searles. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1992. 13-23. Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. New York: Signet, 1962. Martin, Terence. "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and the High Cost of Living." Modern Fiction Studies. 19 (1973): 43-55. Rpt. in A Casebook on Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Ed. George J. Searles. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1992. 25-39. Semino, Elena and Kate Swindlehurst. "Metaphor and mind style in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest." Style 30 (1996): 143-67. Tanner, Stephen L. Ken Kesey. Boston: Twayne, 1983.

How to use order of operations :: essays research papers

How to use order of operations. What does any kind of order have to do with math? It’s just left to right isn’t it? Wrong, the order of operations is a specific method to figuring out the correct answer to certain problems. For those of you who do not realize what I am yammering on about, this procedure piece is about the order of operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The order of operations is a method used to ensure that a group of people gets the correct answer without dispute, the order of operations is extremely useful. Without knowing the order of operations tell me, does this problem look sensible? 67-9(6-1)+48/ ((9x (5+2)-7’ Didn’t think so. The order of operations works like this: First anything in the parentheses, then we do the exponents/roots, then any multiplication and division- which is done in that order, then we do Addition and Subtraction- in that order as well. To explain this, we will solve the problem above: Step 1. The first thing you do in the order of operations is to do anything listed in parentheses, but you must also keep in mind everything else. So the first set we do is (5+2), even though it is the last set, addition comes first on the order of operation list. So, (5+2)= 7 right? Right, keep that in mind. Now we do the first set of parentheses, which is (6-1) which is 5. So replace both of those sets with (5) and (7) in that order. Step 2. The next step is to get rid of those nasty square roots and exponents. So, first we do the square root of 9, which is 3. Then we perform the sacred exponent figuring. So 7 squared (7’) is 49. So by now the expression should look like this: 67-9 (5) +48/ 3x (7)-49. Step 3. Now we multiply and divide all the stuff together so first we do 48/3, which is 16. Then we multiply what is needed, in this case it is 3x7, which is 21. Are you following me so far? Excellent if not then read it over.

Caddie - Australian Movie Review :: essays research papers

The movie Caddie stars Helen Morse as ‘Caddie’ Marsh, a young woman in the depression, Jackie Weaver, as Caddie’s friend Leslie, Jack Thompson as Ted, and Takis Emmanuel as Peter. Caddie is set in the times of the Australian depression and was the first remotely successful Australian feature film. It follows the story of a spirited woman and her experiences over seven life-shaping years of her life. Through her eyes we see the effect of the depression on the average Australians of the time. The movie tells the story of a young Sydney woman during the years 1925 to 1932 in which time she changes from a young suburban 25 year old matron and mother to a free-wheeling woman of 32. The film opens with Caddie learning that her husband is in love with her best friend, Ester, and taking the only course she feels is open to her; she leaves him taking the children with her. To earn enough money to keep her and the children, Caddie takes a job as a barmaid, and soon learns the ropes with the help of fellow barmaid Josie. One day Ted, the SP bookmaker comes into the pub. He names her Caddie after his brand new Cadillac that, like her, he says has class and beauty. Caddie is struggling to look after her two children, Anne, and Terry properly, so she makes the very difficult decision to put them into children’s homes. Through a friend, Caddie meets Peter, a Greek immigrant and successful businessman. They fall in love and become lovers, but fate strikes with the sudden illness of Peter’s father and he has to leave for Greece. Winter two years later, and the Great Depression is taking its toll on Sydney and Caddie. She has trouble staying employed, and finally is bed-ridden suffering from malnutrition and nervous exhaustion. She is befriended by â€Å"Bill the Rabbito† and his younger brother Sonny, who share their meagre belongings with her until she is well and strong again. Caddie takes yet another job as a barmaid, and meets Paddy Reilly who

Evolution of the Opera in Europe

Ask a high school student about Opera and they would just shrugged their shoulders in lack of knowledge, or others would try to guess and say that it’s a musical play, something like Broadway. While others who may have a bit of familiarity with Opera would say, â€Å"those silly men with long beards and silly dresses that sings in a very high voice†. In reality, opera is related to all of these definitions given. The scope of this paper is to introduce Opera into the twentieth century audience. Naturally, the history of Opera, when and where did it start and who are the people that made Opera famous and made famous by the Opera would be discussed.As well as the different forms of opera, and its different kinds or genre to be more specific. After which, an analysis of the whereabouts of Opera nowadays would be presented. II. What is an Opera? An Opera is a stage show that was only available for the European elites in the 1700s. It was sort of the ancestor of musical thea ters like Broadway and West End in London; it is just that Opera themes are usually about Greek Drama. It includes musical numbers, solos by lead actors and sometimes even a ballet-like dance to emphasize the action and texts of the songs.Opera dramas are predominantly about Greek Drama because Opera originated in Italy in the late 1600s, where Italian aristocracy fully enjoys performances in their own balconies and private theaters. Just like any beautiful thing, Opera spread to the common folk and took pride for its various performances and many composers from all over Europe, not just Italy, until everything was placed in a halting pause when wars emerged and the arts was put aside for some other important things. Opera before in the early ages was like Hollywood, stars were revered and composers were treated as royalties.They held performances from the greatest capitals of Europe like Naples, Saint Petersburg, Rome, Milan, Vienna, Venice, Berlin and Paris; as well as in the oper a houses newly established in New York City and New Orleans. The musicality of Opera has influenced other forms of music which are still thriving and used nowadays. An example is the usage of sinfonia, an instrumental prelude of the Opera which as now known as symphonies and the attempt to make piano and violin solos during a concerto was a clear indication of following through Opera’s cadenza (solos).The masterful innovation of 19th century German composer Richard Wagner in his orchestration for his different compositions became a big influence in shaping the classical music of the 19th century. a. When did it start? Opera started in the late 1600s through a group of scholars, known as the camerata instigated a performance with the aim of promoting monodic musical declamations. Although musical stage play was already existent as early as the 12th century like The Play of Daniel, it was Jacopo Peri’s and Ottavio Rinuccini’s Euridice, that was considered as the f irst Opera in the 1600.However, Jacopo Peri’s first composition Dafne was argued by other scholars as the first true Opera, though little of its text can be found now. Monodic musical declamations are recitals with free rhythm accompanied by a subtle music, and usually about Ancient Greek Drama and mythology. Just like the first Opera Euridice that was taken from the Greek mythology about Orpheus and his beloved Euridice. b. Where did it start? 1. Baroque (Italian) Opera originally came from Italy, wherein it was known as Baroque Opera or Italian Opera.It had its first shows in Venice and Rome, where Sant’ Alessio by Stefano Landi established Roman Opera in 1632. The libretto was penned by Giulio Rospigliosi and Landi modified the narrative style of the monodic trend by creating recitative and aria. But Roman Opera had to await the arrival of Claudio Monteverdi for it to blossom. He was an educated man and performed in the lavish court of the Gonzaga family and finally directed a church choir, after which he created his first opera in 1607, his own version of the Orpheus and Euridice mythology entitled La Favola d’Orfeo.Peri and Monteverdi’s version were so different that if Peri’s version was more of a monodic narrative with subtle accompaniment; Monteverdi’s version has more music in it. He expanded the accompaniment into a full scale orchestra with bowed and plucked strings, harpsichord and organ, trumpets and drums for more dramatic effects. He also gave each character his own musical identity and created a very poignant overture. It was the combination of lyric text and musical play as the term drama per musica (drama through music) had intended.Monteverdi’s L’Incoronazione di Poppea (The Coronation of Poppaea) in 1642, was the first to tackle a very sensitive subject matter and staged a very powerful vocal composition that would soon be stereotypical of an Opera. Marcantonio Cesti and Pietro Frances co Cavalli heralded the next generation of Venetian composers. They created an international style wherein the recitative was given less part in favor of the aria and the chorus was replaced with solos. Cavalli continued Monteverdi’s innovative style with his own Opera L’Ormindo and La Calisto.His Operas was known to include some charade and sexual content for the amusement of the viewers. Another Venetian composer, and also a predecessor of 18th Century Neapolitan School, Alessandro Stradella was also praised for having his own style in writing Operas. 2. English The Italian Opera became widespread in Europe and landed some its charms in England. Composers in England have begun working together to create masques, a court entertainment involving exaggerated speeches, dancing, ridiculous plots and costumes.The first English Opera was The Siege of Rhodes by poet Sir William D’Avenant in 1656 and music by Lawes, Matthew Locke, Henry Cooke, Charles Coleman and Georg e Hudson. John Blow wrote Venus and Adonis in 1684 but was not properly accredited as an Opera for some critics still call it a masque, but in 1689, Blow’s pupil Henry Purcell wrote the greatest English Opera of the 17th century entitled Dido and Aeneas. This Opera completely absorbed Italian influence and brought death to England’s masque.However, the most famous English composer was not really English, but rather a German born composer who completely immersed himself in Neapolitan Italian style. He was George Frideric Handel, composer of the widely acclaimed Messiah. He composed Rinaldo, his first Opera in England in 1711 where he immediately attained success and followed it with Giulio Cesare in 1724, Rodelinda in 1725 and Alcina in 1735. Handel synthesized the castrati that attained popularity and was the thing to do at that time.Aside from Handel making waves in England, there were also other local talents who are testing the waters like John Gay and John Christop her Pepusch who created The Beggar’s Opera in 1728. This form of Opera paved the way for ballad opera that ridiculed Italian opera and modern politics. 3. French Opera In French Opera, the form of aesthetics was firmly based on the visual, which is their concept of Opera was ballet transformed into musical theater. Eventually, Italian opera caught up with them and strong vocal performances found its way into their stages.French opera formally began with Jean Baptiste Lully where he presented a modernized version of Cavalli’s Serse in the wedding of Louis XIV of France and his cousin Marie Therese in 1660. The ballet performance was carefully choreographed by Lully. Lully then established the Academie Royale de Musique in 1672 where he created operas known as tragedies lyriques or lyrical tragedies. Most of the themes that were used were about mythology and legends again as the French court deemed it inappropriate to depict real persons in their performances.Lullyâ€⠄¢s theatre showcased fabulous ballet movements and abundant set designs that fully make the audience experience the story of the opera. Lully’s most outstanding operas were the Alceste in 1674, Atys in 1676 and Armide et Renaude in 1686. After Lully, another French composer, Jean Philippe Rameu attempted to make French Opera more harmonious and yet spontaneous at the same time. He wrote 32 operas that highlighted polyphony or the combination of multiple melodic lines. Rameu still maintained the dance factor in his operas as evident by the lengthy ballet numbers in his Les Indes Gallantes in 1735 and Dardanus in 1739.His plays Hippolyte et Aricie and Castor et Pollux has been presented for so many times. 4. German and Austrian German opera took its root from singspiel, their comic opera with spoken dialogue that would later on be influenced by the ballad genre. Early German courts much prefer their Italian contemporaries, wherein Frederick the Great insulted the German opera and compared it to the neighing of a horse. So, in the 18th century, German composers tried to revive singspiel and transform it into a better one.German composer George Phillip Telemann had based his Pimpione, a comic opera with only two characters on Pergolesi’s La Serva Padrona, in 1725. Another composer, Johann Christian Standfuss created Der Teufel ist Lost or The Devil to Pay, in 1752, in an attempt to resurrect singspiel. However, it was only the arrival of famous German composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart that German Opera reached its peak. Mozart’s Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail or The Abduction from Seraglio in 1782 introduced singspiel internationally and made Vienna a music capital.Mozart continued to place Vienna in front of the international music scene through his compositions, Le Nozze di Figaro or The Marriage of Figaro in 1786; Don Giovanni in 1787; and Cosi fan tutte or Women are Like That in 1790. However, these works were very controversial during thos e times that it upset moralists and the contributed to the revolutionary sentiments in France; that it was neglected until the early 20th century when it was revived and made Mozart the greatest composer of all. c. Who are the singers? Opera singers are classified according to their gender and range of their voices.In a female singer, she can be classified as soprano, the highest range; mezzo-soprano as the middle range and contralto as the lowest range. In a male character, he can be classified as tenor as the highest; baritone the middle range and bass as the lowest range. The roles of actors would be dependent on the range of their voices and usually is assigned by the composers themselves. The choices would be strategically thought about by the lyricist and the composer and most of the times sopranos and tenors are reserved for the lead actors while the antagonists are played by bass or mezzo sopranos.This stereotyping is still ongoing up to now. A legendary mezzo soprano was Fa ustina Bordoni whose ability to sustain a note was amazing. Italian tenor Enrico Caruso is probably the most famous opera singer in history. III. What are the characteristics of an Opera? a. Voice The main feature of every opera is the singing, so setting aside the musical accompaniments; it is the vocal prowess of the actors that would carry the performance up to its end. Therefore, the arias, duets and choruses are strategically placed to emphasize the growing drama.An aria is a soliloquy or a monologue wherein the actor sings alone as in narrating through rhythm the events or his feelings. It is difficult to maintain an opera through an aria by itself but some composers found it to be the best way of relaying the plot of the story and conveying fast events, like fast talking but with a musical beat. b. Orchestra The orchestra serves as the backbone or the supporting structure of the Opera. Its strategic rhythm and melodious tempo helps the story unfold and captures the audienceâ €™s attention and carries them along as the opera develops.It helps in the escalation of feelings and provides dramatic sequences throughout the entire opera. c. Overture Overtures are theatrical introductions or short musical preludes that are usually coming from the theme of the opera itself. It sets the emotion of the audience in preparation for the first act and could run anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes. However, this style was later on disregarded to give way to preludes or sometimes totally overlooked in some operas. IV. What are the forms of an Opera? a. Dramatic The term drama pertains not only for the lyrics or the texts of the opera but also about the feelings the music eludes.The original Italian composers called their works as dramma per musica and this tradition can be traced back from religious plays that also utilize music to relay their accounts. In a musical play, although complete by itself already, cannot be all together called an operatic drama unless it employ s music that helps heighten the emotion. In writing dramatic operas, composers usually make use of situations that involves sadness and eludes a distressing sentiment, at the same time applying higher registers of voice (soprano) to indicate passion or cacophonous mixtures to depict fear.Although there are points in which voices do occasionally rise from excitement and anger, the skilled composer would turn the music to become identical with the feelings arose by the character. b. Romantic The beginning of the 19th century inspired an artistic movement called romanticism and became widespread in literature, art and music. It spells imagination, creative freedom and subjectivity of interpretation. During this period artistry became luxuriant and flamboyant, employing large scale orchestras, higher notes, enormous choruses and more passionate solos.The theme as well was all on the subject of longings, faraway places, unrequited love affairs, intense romances, melancholic characters, n ostalgia, tempestuous romances, nationalistic themes and magical beings. Gioacchino Rossini of Italy was inspired and created an opera based on Sir Walter Scott’s Lady of the Lake or La Donna del Lago in 1819. However it was Giuseppe Verdi whose works lamented the Austrian oppression of Italy highlighted patriotism in its utmost romantic fervor. German romantic opera was made famous by two outstanding composers in the personality of Richard Wagner and Ludwig Van Beethoven.Beethoven’s only opera Fidelio in 1805 introduced romanticism in Singspiel. The difficulty Beethoven went through while composing Fidelio was reason enough for him to never make one again. Wagner composed the romantic drama Tristan Und Isolde in 1865. In his final masterpiece, Parsifal, about the quest for the Holy Grail, Wagner created such beautiful music that other opera houses took it in immediately and it was considered as a very successful work suitable to end such a wonderful career. V.Twentiet h Century Opera The romantic period of Opera ended when harsh times came with the war, this ushered twentieth century opera in a very peculiar way. Although Wagner’s Parsifal is still being played, Richard Strauss created Salome in 1905 based on a play by Oscar Wilde. Strauss was regarded as Wagner’s successor when it comes to creating beautiful music. Other successors are Arnold Schoenberg and Albag Berg and became known as the second Viennese school. Berg created Wozzeck in 1925 and Lulu in 1937.Schoenberg composed Expectation in 1909 and Moses und Aron in 1957. English opera looked on to the Indian epic Mahabharata to derive the Opera Savitri by Gustav Holst in 1916 and Ralph Vaughan Williams composed Sir John In Love in 1929, an adaptation of Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor. Igor Stravinsky, a Russian born composer who settled in the United States composed a remarkable collection of Operas, ranging from the romantic The Nightingale in 1914, the Gree k drama Oedipus Rex in 1927 and The Rake’s Progress in 1951.VI. Conclusion Opera nowadays is still being played by various theater houses all over the world, not just Europe anymore. Opera became widespread and more and more contemporary composers deep their hand into producing operas and making it available for public. However, it seems that Opera had come back to its previous state of being patronized only by elites and socialites way back in Italy in the late 1600s.Opera had become unreachable and in the present situation of the world right now, it is hard to depict the poverty, the terrorism and the hunger that occupies the humankind presently. Opera can not be flexible and it would be absurd to see artists dancing and singing in an attempt to depict hunger in Africa. Unlike other stage shows wherein they could properly address this issue and show the reality that they want to portray. Opera can never be mainstream, it enjoys a position at the top of the musical industry and it shall stay there forever.

Market Efficiency

EMH or Efficient Market Hypothesis has been accepted as one of the foundations of financial economics, in fact, Fama first marked out the concept â€Å"efficient market† in financial literature in 1965. Fama stated it as one which safety values completely expose all accessible information. The market could be considered as efficient if the results of market values to new information are instant and impartial. EMH is the notion that information is rapidly and proficiently integrated into asset prices at any instance, in order to guarantee that old information could not be serve as an instrument which could predict price progresses. As a result, three types of Efficient Market Hypothesis are being classified depending on the degree of available information (Fama, 1998). The weak form Efficient Market Hypothesis specifies that existing asset prices already reveals past price and volume information, the information restrained in the previous succession of prices of a security is completely exposed in the present market price of the said security. Its name â€Å"weak form EMH† was derived from the fact that security prices are the most overtly and easily obtainable information. It entails that nobody would be able to outdistance the market by making use of something that everyone else’s know. However, there are still quantities of financial examiners who are examining the past stock price sequence and trading volume information in an effort to spawn revenues. This method is labeled as technical analysis that is declared by the EMH as ineffective in foretelling prospect price variations (Sewell 2007). The semi strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis on the other hand asserts that each and every openly accessible information are equally already integrated into asset prices, meaning to say, every openly accessible information is completely mirrored in a security’s existing market prices. The public data confirmed not only past prices. Rather they also show information conveyed in a company’s financial reports, company’s proclamations, and the like. In a way, this also entails that nobody would be able to outdistance the market by making use of something which everyone else knows, this also signifies that a company’s financial reports could not be used in foretelling future price progress and safeguarding high venture returns (Sewell 2007). The strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis specifies that private as well as insider data is immediately included by market prices and hence could not be utilized to gather irregular trading incomes. Therefore, all data or information is completely mirrored in a security’s existing market price which in turn entails that even the company’s administration would not be able to generate profits even by using the insider data they have. The justification for this is that the market expects in an impartial way, future advancement and thus, data has been integrated and appraised into market price in a more impartial and enlightening manner than insiders. The arbitrary walk style of asset prices is an enlargement of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, as well as the beliefs that the market could not be constantly beaten, arbitrage is not possible, and â€Å"free lunches† are in general, not available (Clarke et al. 2007). The EMH has entailed that nobody could surpass the market either with security selection or with market timing, therefore, it holds enormous negative consequences for several investment approaches. In general, the force of EMH could be scrutinized from two dissimilar angles. The first one would be from the investor’s perspective. Technical analysis makes use of price as well as the volume as the center point for foretelling future prices, the arbitrary-walk data implies that prices of securities are influenced by news; Positive news would help increase the price while negative news would be the cause of price deflation. Thus, it is only fitting to ask the value of technical analysis as a way of deciding security investments (Clarke et al. 2007). Fundamental analysis includes the use of market information in establishing the inherent value of securities in so as to classify those securities which are underrated. In spite of this, semi strong EMH implies that essential examination could not be utilized to surpass the market. In a proficient market, fairness research and assessment would be an expensive undertaking that offers no advantages. The likelihood of discovering an underrated supply should be arbitrary. Oftentimes, the advantages from data compilation and fairness studies would not include the expenses of doing the study (Jones 2002). For best investment approaches, investors are recommended to pursue an inert investment tactic, which does not make any endeavor to surpass the market. Investors ought not to choose securities arbitrarily based on their peril loathing or the tax arrangements. This, however, does not imply that there would be no assortment of management. In an efficient market, it is an excellent tactic to have a arbitrarily expanding across securities, which holds little or no records charge and minimum implementation expenses in so as to optimize the proceeds. An unyielding buy-and-hold procedure is not most advantageous for corresponding to the investor’s requested level of threat. Also, the portfolio manager ought to select a portfolio that is equipped in the direction of the time sphere and threats report of the investors (Jones 2002). Second is the financial managers’ perspective wherein managers ought to bear in mind that markets would either under or over react to information, the company’s share price would mirror the information regarding their declarations and the historical share price account could be employed as a determinant of company accomplishment and management would hold be hold accountable for it. When shares are under priced, managers should avert from handing out new shares since this would only aggravate the condition. In usual situations, market efficiency theory offers informative predictions into price performances. In general, one can conclude that investors should only anticipate a typical rate of proceeds while the company should be prepared to obtain the adequate value for the securities they handed out (Jones 2002). However, the idea that markets act constantly with the efficient market hypothesis is debatable, particularly in its stronger forms. For one, it is doubtful that man-made markets are strong-form efficient. Especially, when there are prima facie basis for ineptitude as well as the unhurried dissemination of information, the comparatively immense power of several market partakers, and the existence of seemingly advanced professional investors. I believe that one of the major defects EMH is the way markets respond to unexpected news. For an instance, news upshots like interest rate changes from ventral banks are not immediately taken credit of in stock prices. Instead root continued progress of prices over a certain period of time, say from a few hours to months and the like, one should also take into consideration that only a limited number of people have prior familiarity or awareness regarding laws about to be passed, new pricing controls fixed by certain organizations like Federal Reserve banks as well as legal verdicts that causes a broad array of economic parties. The public should consider these things as random variables; however, players within those inside information could rectify the market, but commonly in an inconspicuous way in order to escape exposure (Clarke et al. 2007). There is also another inconsistency which has been detected between the EMH theory and real markets. The said inconsistency is that at market extremes, what fundamentalists may regard as ridiculous behavior is in fact the standard behavior; in the latter parts of a bull market, the market is motivated by consumers who don not take much into account the core value. By the end of a crash, markets go into freefall while partakers disentangle themselves from the location in spite of the scarcely good value that their earlier positions symbolizes, this is denoted by the huge variations in the assessment of stocks in comparison to basics in bull markets in comparison to bear markets. A theorist may claim that reasonable partakers should always instantaneously take lead in the unnaturally low prices which resulted from the illogical partakers by acquiring contrasting places. However, this is noticeably not generally adequate to avoid bubbles and crashes from increasing. It might be supposed that countless sensible partakers are conscious of the illogicality of the market at extremes and are eager to permit illogical partakers to force the market as they like, and only benefit themselves with the prices when they have got more than just basic motives that the market would revert back near its earlier fair value (Sewell 2007). Behavioral finance stated that upon entering positions, market partakers are not mainly motivated by the price status; rather, they are mainly motivated by anticipating the rise or fall of the prices. To pay no heed of this could be perilous. Allan Greenspan cautioned participants of irrational exuberance in the market during the year of 1996. However, some merchants who sold short new economy stocks that appeared significantly overcharged during those times had to acknowledge grave losses when prices arrived at much more astonishing heights (Jones 2002). EMH was first presented in 1960. Before that, the existing belief regarding market is its exact opposite – markets are inefficient. Inadequacy was generally believed to exist. A good example of this was in US and UK’s stock markets. On the other hand, previous work of Kendall implies that the changes in United Kingdom’s stock market prices are arbitrary. Researches conducted by Brealey, Dryden and Cunningham showed that there are no considerable reliances in price changes which implies that United Kingdom’s stock market is a weak-form efficient, in addition to this proof, are other researches of capital market which suggested that they are semi strong-form efficient(Jones 2002). Examinations conducted by Firth in UK have contrasted the share prices presented after an invasion declaration with the bid offer, this showed that the share prices were completely and immediately modified to their exact levels; therefore the United Kingdom’s stock market was indeed semi strong-form efficient. Yet, the market’s capability to effectively react to a short term and broadly advertized event (i.e takeover proclamation) could not automatically be viewed as analytic of a market efficient at pricing concerning more long term and vague aspects (Clarke et al. 2007). Other pragmatic proof which defends Efficient Market Hypothesis came from researches which show that the revenue of market averages go beyond the revenue of vigorously ran mutual funds. Therefore, to the degree that markets are inefficient, the advantages achieved by capturing the ineptitudes are override by the inside fund costs occupied in locating them, promoting, and the like (Sewell 2007). It could be that proficient as well as other market partakers who have find out dependable trading regulations or devices could find no basis to disclose them to academic researchers or it could be that there are no information breach among the intellectuals who examine the markets and the professionals who works in the market. There are bystanders who identify apparently ineffective facets of the markets that could be take advantage of. Example of this is seasonal tendencies and deviating twists to assets with different traits. Efficient Market Hypothesis cynic’s maintains that there are investors who have outdistanced the market. Among them is Peter Lynch, Bill Miller, and so on. These investors’ tactics are to a high level founded on recognizing markets where prices do not precisely mirror the accessible information, in straight negation to the EMH which clearly entails that â€Å"no† such opportunity could ever exist (Clarke et al. 2007). It is imperative to take notice of the fact that the EMH does not account for the observed fact that the most profitable stock market partakers have equal share of stock picking guidelines, which would, in turn, denote an extensive conclusive correspondence among stock picking policy as well as investment accomplishments. The EMH also seems to be lacking in consistency with several occasions in stock market history. For an instance, the stock market crash which occurred in 1987 saw the S&P 500 drop more than 20% in October in spite of the fact that there is no major news or events that took place before Monday of the crash, the fall apparently came from nowhere, this would likely imply that relatively irrational behavior could seize stock markets arbitrarily. Furthermore, Bruton Malkiel, a renowned advocate of the universal legitimacy of Efficient Market Hypothesis has counseled that particular budding markets such as China are not empirically efficient, he further stated that the Shanghai as well as the Shenzhen markets, in contrast to the markets in US, show signs of substantial sequential relationship, non-random walk, as well as proof of exploitation (Clarke et al. 2007). Thus, in contrast to what Efficient Market Hypothesis implies, there are certain instances which go contrary to its claim. It is unlikely for market to be consistently efficient as was shown in this paper. Provided that the theory of EMH is true at some point in time, one could not just conclude that it would be true for all instances and for all period of times. Works Cited Clarke, Jonathan, Thomas Jandik, and Gershon Mandelker. â€Å"The Efficient Market Hypothesis.† (2007). Fama, Eugene. â€Å"Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance.† Journal of FinancialEconomics. (1998). Jones, Steven L., and Jeffry M. Netter. â€Å"Efficient Capital Markets.† (2002). Sewell, Martin. â€Å"Efficient Market Hypothesis.† (2007).            

Lord of the Flies Compare and Contrast

Lord of the flies a book by â€Å"William Golding†. It’s about a group of boys who crashed landed and got deserted on an island way off their planned route, with no shelter, food or water. They must do whatever they can to survive. There are twists and turns but in the end it comes down to a very big life motive and a moral. In the beginning of the story, the boys were all separated from each other. Piggy picked up a shell typed object, and told Ralph to blow in it. This part of the story showed that Ralph can come up with ideas and knows his geological facts. Ralph decided to blow in it, which made all the boys come to one place. This showed that piggy’s idea was great but when the boys gathered around Ralph and Piggy, they thought it was Ralph’s idea which gave him a bit of an edge towards leadership. They were all deciding on a leader to take front of this survival issue. Jack and Ralph were the oldest so they went into debate. Ralph is a little bit more muscular and straight backed then jack was. On the other hand jack was a skinny, longed faced character and didn’t show much appreciation for the debate. One other thing that Ralph was doing that he was standing on a rock at the time, while jack was sort of with the group just standing on a side. This already gave Ralph the advantage on who looks more presentable and responsible of becoming a leader. Another fact is that Ralphs father is a commander which gave him even more reasons to become the leader of the group. For now jack really doesn’t care but later on things get physical. As we go on in the story it came to a point where jack was getting frustrated with Ralph’s rules and how things should run. One of their biggest fights were about if fire was more important than food. While jack wanted to find a way to kill a pig, Ralph wanted find a way to start fire. This part of the story shows a divide happening between them. This is sort of like our world, the two different types of government, communism and democracy. They have a divide between them about what you can do and cannot. After jack makes his own group with his set of rules and promised there will be food. An example I can give for this is the elections we have. There are different groups and leaders debating on who can offer what to the city and what benefits you will get a behalf of you a citizen.

Why fashion is important

Some, of us were born loving fashion and some just weren't. Whether you love it or hate it your personal style and fashion is very important to whom you are as a person. Why? Because it reflects you as an individual; beside when you look good, you feel good! Fashion can transform your personality I mean isn't it amazing how clothes can make a person? Have you, ever heard the phrase â€Å"you are what you wear†? YES! Yes because more than 20%of us hare this phrase on a day to day bias. Our clothes tell us who we are in a society and tell others about our personalities, our wants, needs, talents, dispositions and destination. It has been said by Mrs. Rosie Montage, professor of social psychology that 98% of what we say does not come from our mouth. If so then clothing is a very silent but tremendously powerful communicator. It can camouflage or cover up; it can build or destroy an image, it can say â€Å"I am as good as you†, â€Å"I have the same interest†, â€Å"I am important†, â€Å"I am not important† or even â€Å"I take myself and work too seriously! But by judging someone based on their appearance makes them feel inferior. Why? Because you are assuming that you know them better than they know themselves; that's just deceitful as every single human sees the world through different eyes! Never the less appearance is all so essential as it is the only visible clue to individuals, individuality, which has now become a mean for us humans to evaluate others. We simply do this by assessing the outfit the person is wearing the moment they enter a room. The majority, of you properly think that fashion is all about fancy clothes, long snake skin stilettos hills and gorgeous models. But to be honest it is an industry that provides a form of earning and future for more than 25% of people in our society. As we all know fashion is an enormous industry which contributes the economy y by providing employment for people like textile workers, designers, manufactures, shopkeepers and models. Bar braking into the industry is remarkably hard due to this most workers at the base of the hierarchal chart do not gain as much income over the years. For instance we often see on TV models looking luxurious and wealthy but that's far from reality as 5% suffer from eating disorders as they try to fulfil the designer's demands and also compete for the number one spot of top model! One thing that really irritates me about our society today is the atrocious attitude that some individuals have towards the fashion industry. You do know that fashion is not all about clothes, shoes, and make up and that there is a scientific side to it; your properly wondering how? Well new materials such as nylon, Orlon and Dacron were found by fashion designers. These materials are known used in most product processing industry all over the world! Although fashion designers got to the new materials first many argue that scientist would have properly discovered the source first if fashion did not interfere! Fashion. Well what is it? It's a sweet demon deep inside every single one of us which fills our lives with exotic colours and out of this world creation! But why do I want you to believe its so important, because it send out a message of permutes importance to not just our peers but to other individuals we do not talk to directly; Believe it or not statistics show that being well dressed is psychologically important because confident in our appearances leads to confident in our success in life and if your that one person who doesn't care about fashion and style then your really not living to your full potentials!

My Philosophy of Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Philosophy of Education - Personal Statement Example When planning the educational philosophy, we should consider our purpose and know our goals to teach the students. The educational philosophy consists of theories that include logic, epistemology, metaphysics, and axiology. Logic finds answers to questions and is thus a way to evaluate arguments. Epistemology is the study of the philosophy of knowledge. It provides insight into such dimensions of knowledge as faith, reason and truth. Metaphysics is the study of reality (metaphysics-for-life.com, n.d.). It provides insight into the spiritual and religious knowledge and issues. Axiology is the knowledge about values. As a professional educator, we should have the right values, morals, and motivations to inculcate in the students. In the realm of the philosophy of education, there are certain questions that need be answered. They are: Who should know? What to know? How to know? When to know? And Where to know? This set of who, what, how, when and where completely defines the philosophy of education. Let’s start from the answer to the first question; Who should know? My philosophy of education says that everybody should know. Education is a fundamental necessity of every human being in the present age. It is not a matter of choice. Anyone who is born in the present age is obliged to receive education irrespective of his/her financial status. It is for this reason that going to school is compulsory for both the boys and the girls. What to know? is a suitable topic for debate. There has conventionally been considerable debate about what should be included in the curriculum and what not. These days, there is increased emphasis upon the importance of inclusion of such controversial topics in the curriculum as sex education. I believe that anything can be taught but following the standards of ethics. For example, students must be educated upon the importance of using contraception in sex and be made aware of the different kinds of sexually transmitted diseases an d the potential protective measures that can be taken to avoid them. The students must not, however, be shown any sexually explicit material in the name of education. This is my educational philosophy for a classroom setting. In the present age, knowledge is omnipresent. Normally, people are expected to know principally about the profession that they have formerly seeked education in, but nowadays, there is so much awareness that an individual that has not even pursued education about a certain field can get to know pretty much about that. This can be explained with the help of an example. Let’s suppose a teenage boy feels that his chest is a little too puffy than it should be in the boys his age. He needs to know if there is a medical problem, but he thinks that the condition is too embarrassing to discuss openly with his parents, siblings, friends or the doctor. It is just he who knows it and wants to do something about it. But the boy does not need to disclose his conditio n to anybody as long as he has a computer with an internet connection. All the boy needs to do is type â€Å"what causes puffy chest in teenage boys† in the search engine and the next thing he sees is links to innumerable articles about gynecomastia – that is a condition in which men grow unusually large chest because of hormonal imbalances. The boy gets to learn the name of his condition for the first time, and the moment he knows the