Effects of Cell Phone Advertising for the Last 20 Years

Effects of Cell Phone Advertising for the last 20 years This paper sets out to explore the correlation between cell phone advertising and the effects it has had on our society. I will provide evidence that advertising has transformed our social norms in regards to cell phone usage. First topic of discussion will be on the history of the cell phone, discussing the advances they have made in the last 20 years. Next will be the discussion of advertising as a separate entity, and then confer advertising regarding cell phones. I will also be discussing some social and cultural implications of all the new cell phone users. By the end of this paper you will be convinced that there is a correlation between cell phone advertising; how and who†¦show more content†¦Cell phone advertising in the 80s got many business people to purchase expensive cell phones that were big and bulky and had poor reception. However, the social connotation of being a businessman/woman with a cell phone was much greater than the use one might receive from it. According to Vicki Yung, this social change brought about by technology is not limited to the consequences of its technical functions. All artifacts acquire ideological meanings in society through time (Yung, 2005). The cell phone ads of the 80s and early 90s motivated business people to purchase and use cell phones. After the cell phone companies had succeeded in increasing cell phone subscriptions from 340,000 in 1985 to 44 million in 1996 (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/BogusiaGrzywac.shtml), they knew they had to find their next demographic to persuade into using cell phones. The new demographic was kids still in middle school and moms that stayed at home. Around the turn of the millennium cell phones were more predominate than ever before. No longer were people carrying around the big bag phones that weighed more than the phone had of talk time, and in came smaller more reliable phones. However, advertisers were not seeing the boom they had in the previous 10 years and needed to figure out a way to increase subscriptions. This is when we see scare tactics being brought into the foreShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Advertising On The United States991 Words   |  4 PagesNine hundred sixty three million dollars was spent this year by McDonalds on advertising. This is up 8 percent from last year. The sad truth is that the number of fast-food ads produced each year is increasing, as well as the percentage of obese people in the United States. Advertisements of high in sugar and calorie foods are almost directly related to obesity within America. There needs to be a stop to this epidemic. Companies spend vast amounts of money to put out an enormous amount of ads. ManyRead MoreMedia Effects On Children And Adolescents1521 Words   |  7 Pagestelevision, using the computer, and talking on the phone. On the media we could learn and find out the information that we need. And we can also share our personal information on the media. Media gives us a lot of convenient in our life, but there are also some negative impacts. Media has a lot of negative impacts which it could be affected on children and adolescents. The article â€Å"Media and Risky Behaviors† by Escobar-Chaves is discussed about the media effects that cause the risky behavior of the adolescentsRead MoreThe Movie Exhibition Industry: 2011 Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdistributors Opportunities Internal – content choices, experience, concession options External – growing middle class, rebound from recession Threats Internal – only way to increase revenue is through increased concession costs or increased advertising before movie viewing External – home theater technology, release windows getting shorter, streaming video companies How can a company achieve a competitive advantage in this industry? For a company in the movie exhibition industry, a fewRead MoreMobile Phones And Mobile Phone Industry1599 Words   |  7 PagesDo you still remember the â€Å"old days† of flip phones and low bandwidth? How many apps did you installed in your smartphone today? The mobile phone industry has been firmly growing at a nearly geometric pace, and it shows no signs of slowing. Since the middle of the 20th century, the mobile phone industry, including apps, software, and web interactivity, has been designed and developed in a imaginable way. Mobile phones have changed from being simple functional communication tools into being fullyRead MoreVerizon Wireless Strategic Management5615 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Telecommunications Act on Feb. 8, 1996, which directed the industry into more market-based policies, bringing about a new competitive marketplace. (Verizon.com) Verizon ended the year 2005 with more that 48 million wireline customers and over 5 million broadband customers, which totals to over 1.5 billion phone calls and trillions of bits of data transfers. Verizon has a reliability factor of over 99.999 percent. The wireline network has approximately 9.3 million miles of local, inter-city andRead MoreAssignment 3: Persuasive Paper Part 1: a Problem Exists Due Week 5 and Worth 150 Points1819 Words   |  8 PagesExists Research Topic 10) Should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving be standardized? Distracted Divers: Are the Same in Every State Maria Taylor Strayer University: Asynchronous English 215: Research and Writing February 7, 2015 Distracted Driver: Are the Same in Every State Over the last four decades, mobile devices have become the trademark of our society.cell phones and other mobile devices have inundated our society At any given time;Read MoreThe Effect of Wireless Communication on Society Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesof information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor (Wireless). But just how ancient is wireless technology anyway? Most people are surprised to find out that it goes back well over 200 years. (Mathias, C.J). On December 12 in the year of 1901 was the day that the first successful transatlantic wireless signal was transmitted spanning 2100 miles (Javadi, Kia. History). This event itself had sparked global interest in wireless communication. The term wirelessRead MoreImpact of Google-Apple Competition to Smartphones Users in Indonesia4485 Words   |  18 PagesGoogle have occured. These new companies challenge already existing firms such as Microsoft, IBM, HP or Apple. The innovation and research have given the birth of the smartphones, on of the most desired technology device at present. Various smart phone brands eye Indonesia as a potential market in Southeast Asia with its huge telecommunication devices penetration. Both Google and Apple has identified themselves as the most leading smartphone services and contents provider, with their uniques productsRead MoreSocial Network Use Enhances Self Esteem1443 Words   |  6 Pages Online socialnetworks are used by hundreds of millions of people every day, but little is known about their effect on behavior. In five experiments, the authors demonstrate that social network use enhances self-esteem in users who are focused on close friends (i.e., strong ties) while browsing their social network. This momentary increase in self-esteem reduces self-control, leading those focused on strong ties to display less self-control after browsing a socialnetwork. Additionally, the authorsRead MoreSony Music Entertainment and the Evolution of the Music Industry3835 Words   |  16 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Appendix 6†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Appendix 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Appendix 8†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 Appendix 9†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 Appendix 10†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..21 Appendix 11†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..21 2 Recommendations 1. I recommend Sony continues to fight for market share in the digital media segment by investing

The History of Mexico Essay - 828 Words

The History of Mexico Before the Spanish Mexico was occupied by a large number of Indian groups with very different social and economic systems. In general the tribes in the north were relatively small groups of hunters and gatherers who roamed large areas of sparsely vegetated deserts and dry lands. These people are often called the Chichimecs, though they were a mixture of several cultural groups who spoke different languages. In the rest of the country the natives were agriculturists, which helped to support the more dense populations.†¦show more content†¦When the Spanish came to central Mexico, the Aztecs controlled most of the central part of Mexico through a state payment system that got taxes and stopped them from being able to act independently from conquered tribal groups. The Aztecs moved into the central part of Mexico from the north and accomplished a tribal story by establishing a city where an eagle with a snake in its beak rested on a cactus. This became the n ational symbol for Mexico and was put on the countrys flag and seal. The Aztecs started the city of Tenochtitlan in about the early 1300s, and then it became the capital of their empire. The Tlaxcalans in the east, the Tarascans on the west, and the Chichimecs in the north were outside the Aztec Empire and they would sometimes have wars with them. The nations name comes from the Aztecs war god, Mexitli. Spanish Conquest From when Hernando Cortez took over until 1821, Mexico was a colony of Spain. Cortez first came into the Valley of Mexico on the Mesa Central in 1519 after marching overShow MoreRelatedHistory And Geography Of Mexico851 Words   |  4 Pagesthis history and geography play an important role in determining why we do, feel, and believe the things we do, and because of this, it impacts the culture that is developed overtime. And when we look at Mexico and the culture it holds, we see this to be true. Mexico is located in North America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States, (â€Å"Mexico†). It also borders the North Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and the United States, as well, (â€Å"Mexico†). WhichRead MoreHistory, Tradition And Culture, Mexico1673 Words   |  7 PagesA country rich in history, tradition and culture, Mexico is made up of 31 states and one federal district. It is the third largest country in Latin America and has one of the largest populations—more than 100 million—making it the home of more Spanish speakers than any other nation in the world. Despite the political and social changes that have occurred over the centuries, evidence of past cultures and events are apparent everywhere in Mexico. Many of Mexico’s rural areas are still inhabited byRead MoreHistory Of Mexico : A Long And Rich One1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Mexico is a long and rich one, but it is also a really fascinating one. Before the spanish arrived in Mexico, it was already largely inhabited by native Mexicans. These native Mexicans were known as the Chichimecs and they were mostly hunter and gatherer societies. In the rest of Mexico however existed much more advanced populations. Populations like Mayans, Totonacs, Huastecs, Otomis, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, Tlaxcalans, Tarascans, and the Aztecs. These civilizations developed elaborateRead MoreHistory Of Relations Between Mexico And The United States862 Words   |  4 PagesMakenzie Jensen May 5, 2015 English--3rd Social Studies--2nd Mexican War â€Å"The most dramatic event in the history of relations between Mexico and the United States took place a century and a half ago.† (Document C, Paragraph 1) The Mexican War started in 1846, and ended in 1848. President Polk and Texas agreed that the Texas-Mexico border was the Rio Grande River. But when President James K. Polk heard Mexicans were the first to fire upon Americans at Texas, America was prepared to go to war. TheRead MoreAnalyzing Mexico And United States:. History, Political1432 Words   |  6 Pages Analyzing Mexico and United States: History, Political Culture and Corruption Jeniffer Quintero Political Science 2 My 16, 2017 Abstract: Analyzing Mexico and United States: History, Political Culture and Corruption In 1917, the government of the United Mexican States became a Presidential Federal republic through its Mexican Constitution(Mexican Constitution, 2010). Like all other countries’ constitutions there has been changes that have been made over time. SomewhereRead MoreHistory of New Mexico and La Florida Del Inca: A Comparative Analysis1198 Words   |  5 PagesThese two selections Gaspar Pà ©rez de Villagrà ¡s History of New Mexico and Garcilaso de la Vegas La Florida del Inca have a common theme of describing the expeditions of conquest and colonization in North America in the 16th Century. Both writers have a common point of view of being sympathetic to the Spanish side in these conflicts and share a belief in its mission of spreading Christianity to the natives of the New World. They refer to the Indians as savages, barbarians and infidels although asRead MoreMexico has experienced many reforms economically, socially, and politically in recent history2800 Words   |  1 2 Pages Mexico has experienced many reforms economically, socially, and politically in recent history leading itself into becoming a more well developed country. Typically, when people think of Mexico they think of the corruption in the government, the violent drug cartels, the widespread poverty, and the long time one party dominance of the government. Although these are major problems, they are not problems that are impossible to fix, or are currently being fixed. They are not persistent all throughoutRead MoreMexican History And Its Effects On American Soil1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe way history is portrayed often changes depending on who is writing it and which country it is from, to really grasp an understanding of The Punitive Expedition through the eyes of Mexican history it is essential to analyze Mexican Textbooks and how they portray it. Analyzing Mexican history will not only give insight to what caused Villas attack on American Soil, feelings towards the Punitive expedition, and its causes, but justification for Pancho Villas attack on Columbus in the eyes of theRead MoreEconomic, Social, and Political Causes of the Mexican Revolution1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿History of the Americas The Economic, Social, and Political causes of The Mexican Revolution 1840-1910 The Mexican Revolution is one of the most significant historical events in Mexican history. Without the revolution Mexico would not be the democratic country that it is today. â€Å"The Mexican Revolution is often seen as a standard bearer through which other subsequent Latin American revolutions are interpreted.†(Darity) There were several significant events spanning several years thatRead MorePositive And Negative Impact Of Mexico1299 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of Mexico, they may think of south-of-the-border resorts, margaritas from local restaurants, or mariachi bands. Drug cartels, human trafficking, or stereotypical comments made by influential Americans may also come to mind. A country which has fought and earned its rights to economy, religion, and democracy may not even be considered when the United Mexican States is thought of. Although much work remains to be done, todays Mexico is home to a government democracy, strong religious

Shakespeares Sonnet 1 A Study Guide

Sonnet 1 is the first of 17 poems by Shakespeare that focuses  on  a beautiful young man having children  to pass on his lovely genes to a new generation. It is one of the better poems in the series of Fair Youth Sonnets, which has led to speculation that, despite its name, it was not actually the first written of the group. Rather, it was chosen as the first sonnet in the folio because it is so compelling.   With this study guide, better understand the themes, sequences, and style of Sonnet 1. Doing so can assist you as you write a critical analysis of the poem or prepare for a test on Shakespeares sonnets. The Poems Message Procreation and obsession with beauty are the major themes of Sonnet 1, which is  written in  iambic pentameter  and follows  traditional  sonnet form.  In the poem, Shakespeare suggests that if the fair youth does not have children, it would be selfish, as it would deprive the world of his beauty. Instead of hoarding his loveliness, the young man should share it with future generations. If not, he will  be remembered as a narcissist. Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not? The reader  must remember  that the poet becomes obsessed with the fair youth and his life choices. Also, perhaps the fair youth isnt selfish but simply  hesitant to have sexual relations with a woman. He may be homosexual, but such a sexual orientation was not accepted in society at that time. By encouraging the youth to partake in a male/female relationship, one could speculate that the poet attempts to deny his own romantic feelings toward the young man. Analysis and Translation The sonnet is addressed to the poet’s very handsome friend. The reader is  unaware of his identity or whether he existed at all. The poet’s preoccupation with the fair youth starts here and continues through 126 poems. It is therefore plausible that he did exist, as he must have made an impact to inspire all of this work. In the poem, Shakespeare uses a rose analogy that draws upon the seasons to make his point. He does this  in later poems,  including  the famous Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day,  where he uses autumn and winter to describe death. In Sonnet 1, however,  he alludes to spring. This makes sense, as the poem discusses procreation and the fair youth enjoying being young without thinking about the future. Important Lines From Sonnet 1 Get better acquainted with Sonnet 1 with this roundup of key lines from the poem and their significance.   â€Å"That thereby beauty’s rose might never die.† In other words, time will take its toll on your looks, but your heir will remind the world of how beautiful you once were. â€Å"But as the riper should by time decrease / His tender heir might bear his memory.† Here, the poet tells the fair youth that hes so obsessed with his own beauty that hes creating a shortage of it, when he could be populating the world with it. â€Å"Pity the world, or else this glutton be / To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.† The poet wants the young man to know that he has an obligation to reproduce, or else be  remembered for his refusal to do so.

The Hippie Subculture Essay - 1440 Words

The Hippie Movement: The Philosophy behind the Counterculture The sixties was a decade of liberation and revolution, a time of great change and exciting exploration for the generations to come. It was a time of anti-war protests, free love, sit-ins, naked hippie chicks and mind-altering drugs. In big cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Paris, there was a passionate exchange of ideas, fiery protests against the Vietnam War, and a time for love, peace and equality. The coming together of like-minded people from around the world was spontaneous and unstoppable. This group of people, which included writers, musicians, thinkers and tokers, came to be known as the popular counterculture, better known as hippies. The dawning†¦show more content†¦They chose to rub against the grain of society, not with it. The very clothes they wore were a testament to their individuality. From bell bottom pants, halter tops, tie-dye prints, all the way to their preferred style of long, straight hair or picked out afros, the hippies were a nything socially undignified (West, 2008). They listened to the sounds of Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Jimi Hendrix, and the Grateful Dead while experimenting with recreational drugs, most specifically marijuana, psychedelic mushrooms and LSD. In a time where adults were going to work, church, and attempting to stay a virgin until marriage, the hippies were anything but conservative and society rejected them for that. They enjoyed living a life of deviance and being unconventional and were happy living outside of the mainstream (West, 2008). Their way of life can be best described by the labeling theory, the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions (Macionis, 2008). Conforming was bad and diversity and difference was to be celebrated. Authority was bad and it was popular to ridicule anyone no matter what their position in life. Anything regarded as a â€Å"social grace† was tossed and therefore t heir society was looked down upon. The social movement of the hippies can be explained as part of the new social movement’s theory,Show MoreRelatedThe Hippie Subculture of the 1960s Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThere was a major turning point on the idealistic life in the sixties its effect tarnished many families.  ¶ The corner of Haight and Ashbury marks the spot of where the hippie subculture began. â€Å" Initially it was a youth movement that started during the early 1960’s and spread all over the world† (Stone, Skip). The word hippie derives from â€Å"hipster which is someone who rejects the established culture† (Web Dictionary). Hippies rejected and established institutions, criticized middle-class valuesRead MoreThe Punk Subculture And The Hippie Counter Culture813 Words   |  4 PagesSubculture is just a smaller culture within a much broader and mainstream or dominant culture and is used to study cultures. It basically explains how some groups behave towards society or other subgroups. The punk subculture is a counter culture and has a sundry selection of ideologies, music, and fashion. In the late 1960s is roughly when punks came about. They are more centered on their style of music called punk rock which is a more aggressive and fast-paced style of rock and rol l. This musicRead MoreEssay The Hippie Movement of 1960s America1422 Words   |  6 Pagesconvictions. The American hippie movement of the 1960s was strengthened by the drastic increase of the youth population because of the the baby boomers, a longer adolescent period due to the improved economy, and the use of media and communications, such as TVs and radical college newspapers. There were two reactions to the hippie movement: the first, an angry uproar across the fifty states from the elder upper classes, and second, an inspiration for a few to try the hippie ways themselves. â€Å"A few†Read MoreHow Was Sgt? Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band By The Beatles1025 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased and the album that would change the way people looked at them as a band and as music as a whole. ‘ Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band was The Beatles eighth studio album and took them 5 months to complete. At the time of the release, hippie culture was prevailing and this year is widely remembered as the summer of love. Long hair, recreational drug use, and psychedelic rock music come to mind when quizzed on stereotypes of the decade, but was it all flowers and peace – or did the ‘SummerRead MoreThe Buddha Of Suburbia By Hanif Kureishi951 Words   |  4 Pageslittle closer at the punk movement it is easy to see that there is more to it than just loud music and unconventional clothing, and that sometimes the most punk person does not display the traditional punk characteristics at all. Punk subculture evolved from the hippie movement during the 1960s. Both movements share certain aspects such as drug use, expression through music and dress, open sexuality, and the desire for societal reform. However, where most hippies were pacifists who desired peace andRead MoreThe Hippie Movement of the 1960s Essay example646 Words   |  3 PagesThe hippie subculture was originally a youth movement beginning in the United States around the early 1960s and consisted of a group of people who opposed political and social orthodoxy, choosing an ideology that favored peace, love, and personal freedom. The hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, were usually eco-friendly and vegetarians, and promoted the use of psychedelic drugs. They created their own communitiesRead MoreCarnatic Music888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 1. The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. 2. The word hippie came from hipster, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into New York Citys Greenwich Village and San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury district. 3. The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain, though by the 1940s both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated;Read MoreThe Hippie Culture And Style2286 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing the ‘hippie’ culture and style, their impact on the 60s and their continued impact in modern life. In today s world, hippies are known because of the distinct way in which they behave, dress and their overall lifestyles. There are also some who have come to believe that hippies are synonymous with drugs or that they have radical political views on environmentalism, capitalism, religion e.t.c. The dictionary defines a hippie as one who doesn’t conform to society’sRead MoreSociology Forrest Gump Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagessocial norms, but it seemed to work to his advantage. Jenny Curran, a complete contrast to the character of Forrest Gump, is the love of Forrest’s life. Jenny leads a rebellious, independent life of a hippie and drug addict. The counterculture of the 1960’s could be described Elliott 4 as a subculture which rejected the conventional social norms of the 1950s.Hippies differentiated themselves from the larger culture from which they belonged. These counterculture youth rejected the cultural standardsRead MoreContrasting the Contemporary Hipster with the Classical Hippie1899 Words   |  8 Pagesof trendsetters. This esteemed title however has been recently craved by so many, it has incubated the newest and most recent trend in subcultures across the globe: Hipsters. What’s curious about it, however, is that unlike massive and contagious movements in history (as with hippies), Hipsters are characterized by their unrevealed sense of identity to the subculture that surrounds him/her. Hippies on the other hand, although with similar characteristics, physical traits and beliefs, stand parallel

Right to Counsel Free Essays

Right to Counsel CJA/364 October 9, 2011 Right to Counsel Every individual is afforded the right to counsel in criminal proceedings. It is the liability of the government to provide every defendant facing criminal charges with legal representation that also is considered sufficient (2011). The Sixth Amendment to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Counsel or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Constitution guarantees every individual the right to a swift and public trial from an unbiased jury of his or her peers in the state or district in which the crime was committed in (1995-2011). The district should have been beforehand established by law, and to be educated of the nature and reason for the charge, the right to face the eyewitness in opposition of him or her, to have necessary process for gathering eyewitnesses in his or her support (1995-2011). Last, the Sixth Amendment affords and individual the right to have the aid of an attorney for his or her defense (1995-2011). The last statement of the Sixth Amendments establishes that every individual has a right to counsel from the very second he or she is placed in police confinement (2011). The judgments of the U. S. Supreme Court also indicates that the Right to Counsel be provided to any individual who is insolvent or penniless and that the individual is guaranteed the right to the attendance of a court-appointed counsel at a crucial point in the criminal trial (2011). The crucial points of these proceedings are composed of custodial questioning, pre-charge lineups, preliminary examinations, arraignment, trial, punishment, and the first appeal of guilty verdict (2011). The Right to Counsel was initiated as a response to the English custom of refusing the aid of counsel in severe criminal proceedings that forces individuals to be present in court and represent his or herself in his or her own words (2011). An example of the strictness of the practice to deny counsel is evident in the trial of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots in 1568 (2011). Queen Mary was indicted for treason for supposedly plotting to kill Queen Elizabeth I (2011). Queen Mary requested the aid of an attorney on the basis that the laws and statutes of England were unfamiliar to her, she was without an attorney and no one would stand up and speak for her (2011). Queen Mary was eventually found guilty of her crimes and sentenced to death by beheading (2011). The creators of the U. S. Constitution deemed the denial of an attorney revolting to the fundamental ideology of criminal justice (2011). The creators of the U. S. Constitution ascertained that the aid of an attorney was an important factor in sustaining an accusatorial method of justice (2011). The accusatorial method of justice leaves the problem on the state to determine the guiltiness of the defendant (2011). The accusatorial method is in disagreement with the inquisitorial method in which fault or blamelessness is established through questioning of the defendant (2011). The Supreme Court also has interpreted the Sixth Amendment to mean that a defendant is entitled to an attorney that the attorney must also be effective in representing the defendant (2011). The Supreme Court interpreted this to mean that the representation must be diligent and significant (2011). The Supreme Court established that if a defendant is not provided with effective counsel during court proceedings, the conviction could be overturned (2011). The Supreme Court has also established that although the Sixth Amendment guarantees an individual the right to have an attorney, whether the attorney is hired or delegated by the courts that an individual may also represent his or herself (2004-2011). Any individual has the right to represent his or herself in court but a judge may refuse the individual that right to be his or her own counsel if the judge deems the individual lacks the capability to exercise a knowing or competent dismissal of an attorney (2004-2011). The judge may also deny an individual the right to represent his or herself if the representation is in any way disorderly of normal court proceedings (2004-2001). The right for an individaul to represent his or herself is granted only at normal court proceedings and is not available when a case is before the courts on appeal (2004-2011). If a person is granted the right to represent his or herself in court, that individual cannot later state the quality of his or her defense deprived him or her of sufficient aid to an attorney (2004-2011). The crucial components of right to an attorney is highlighted in the case of McKaskle v. Wiggins that detailed the self-represented defendants rights vis-a-vis â€Å"standby counsel† delegated by the trial court (2004-2011). If the defendant is representing his or herself, he or she has the power of how information is presented to the jurors (2004-2011). Even if there is an attorney on standby, the attorney’s presence should in no way alter the jury’s assessment that the individual is representing his or herself (2004-2011). But involvement of a standby attorney in the company of the jury and despite the protest of the defendant does not infringe on the defendants constitutional rights afforded by the Sixth Amendment when the aid is in agreement with normal courtroom principles and practices that alleviates the trail judge of these responsibilites (2004-2011). Some defendants may think it is wise to represent his or herself but if the individual is not well versed in the law he or she could make major mistakes that may cause him or her to lose his or her freedom. It is said that a person who represents his or herself has a fool for a client. An attorney is a delegate of citizens, an officer of the criminal justice system and the public that has an accountability to ensure justice is dispensed (1995-199). The role of an attorney has many facets; a consultant, promoter, delegate, mediator, and an assessor (1995-1999). As a consultant an attorney notifies his or her client with knowledge of his or her constitutional rights and responsibilites and clarifies his or her realistic suggestions (1995-1999). As a promoter an attorney feverously emphasizes the client’s point under the standards of the adversary method (1995-1999). As a delegate an attorney searches for an outcome beneficial to the client but uniform with the necessities of truthful dealings with others (1995-1999). As a mediator among clients an attorney searches to settle his or her conflicting interest (1995-1999). As an assessor an attorney researches his or her client’s legal dealings and informs the client or others of the legal dealings (1995-1999). In criminal court proceedings the prosecutor who works for the state, and the defense attorney who can also work for the state but is there to aid the defendant. The U. S. Supreme Court established in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright that the basic role of applies in a just criminal justice system (2011). The Justices collectively determined that the states possess a legal responsibility afforded within the Sixth and 14th Amendments to offer counsel to any individual who cannot afford one (2011). The judgment emphasized that a penniless individual in a criminal proceeding is guaranteed the aid of an attorney as a basic civil right necessary to ensure a just trial, a client’s trial and sentence deprived of an attorney is an infringement of the 14th Amendment (2011). The privilege to have an ttorney is the most basic bureaucratic safety measure to ensure a just trial in which the government and the defendant stand alike in the eyes of the law (2011). As stated earlier, the Supreme Court established that if a defendant is not provided with effective counsel during court proceedings, the conviction could be overturned (2011). References Right to Counsel 2011 http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/right+to+counsel Retrieved October 9, The Exclusionary Rule January 16, 1999 The United States Constitution 1995-2011 U. S. Constitution Online http://www. usconstitution. net/const. html#Am1 Retrieved October 9, 2011 Self Representation 2004-2011 http://supreme. justia. com/constitution/amendment-06/16-self-representation. html Retrieved October 9, 2011 Preamble: A Lawyer’s Responsibilites 1995-1999 Touch N’ Go Systems http://touchngo. com/lglcntr/ctrules/profcon/profcon. htm Retrieved October 9, 2011 National Committee on the Right to Counsel 2011 National Legal Aid and Defender Associaton http://www. nlada. org/Defender/Defender_Kit/NCRC Retrieved October 9, 2011 How to cite Right to Counsel, Papers

Public Relations Customers and Investors

Question: Discuss about the Public Relationsfor Customers and Investors. Answer: Introduction Proper relationship between the employees and employers is essential for success of an organization. How employees relate with each other is also crucial as well as the relationship between an organization and the public. Therefore, the concept of public relations comes forth in any business setup. Public relations (PR) is concerned with how a company or an organization communicates with the public as well as the media. Communication can be direct or indirect. In either case the aim of PR is to establish a strong relationship between the customers or the public and the organization. Communication can be in form of press releases, public appearances, online communication and newsletters. A good reputation can help a company thrive in this competitive world of businesses (Gandy, p. 131). Therefore, this paper discusses PR theories applied in businesses, Kristy Fraser-Kirk legal case against David Jones Ltd, PR errors made by this organization and how to handle issues arising from busin ess setup without damaging the companys image. PR Theories Public views on organization will determine its success or its failure. Proper strategies need to be put into place in ensuring the communication between the organization and the public is clear, unambiguous and honest. Making the public and other stakeholders understand why an organization operates as it does, saves the company from wrong critics. PR theories and models has brought more understanding and advancement in public relations field. It has enabled businesses to have good relationship with the public as well as operate in a more ethical manner. There are four public relations models developed by Grunig and Hunt. The press Agentry model that depends on behavior manipulation. The aim is to caption the attention of the public by influencing their opinions. It does not put into consideration accuracy and credibility. It does not seek the feedback of the customers. Its a one-way communication to persuade the public to buy the products and services of the company (Grunig, p. 83). Public information model which focusses on the accuracy of the information delivered to the public. Though it is a one-way communication, it indulges a little bit in doing research on the audience and it encourages ethical practices. Two Way Asymmetric Model focuses on the customers feedback. However, their intention is to influence audience altitude but not to improve operations of the organization. It creates unbalanced communication as their aim is to get into the public psychology so as to get an effective reaction. Two Way Symmetric Model- Its the most ethical model as it focuses on dialogue rather than monologue. The public feedback is used to change the operations of the organization (Kim et al., p. 208). They aim in achieving mutual understanding, mutual respect, negotiation and proper conflict resolution with the public. Kristy Fraser-Kirk Legal Case Against David Jones Ltd Cases of sexual harassment in workplace has always been there only that many people do not come out to report due to fear of intimidation. Fraser-Kirk was an employee of David Jones Ltd. She filed a legal case against her employer due to unwelcome sexual advances from Mark Mclnnes. She filed her claim under Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (SD Act), stating sex-based discrimination and unlawful sexual harassment (Judd, p. 11). Fraser-Kirk was suing a number of people in this company; David Jones Limited (her employer), Mark Mclnnes (Chief Financial Officer), Paul Zahra (who replaced Mclnnes after resigning) and all board members. This was the hugest Australias sexual harassment case which saw David Jones Ltd part with $850, 000. When to File Sexual harassment Claim It is unlawful in many countries for an employer to sexually harass an employee or for an employee to harass another employee. In Australia such allegations are forbidden under SD Act, section 28B (6) and anyone found guilty in the court of law is filed a huge penalty and imprisonment for many years. The complaint of sexual harassment has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the penetrator has engaged in; unwelcome advances, conduct of sexual nature (Roberts and Mann, p. 5) and under the circumstances the act occurred it was humiliating, intimidating and offending to the complaint. PR Errors made by David Jones Limited The case filed by Kirsty Fraser-Kirk against David Jones Ltd, destroyed the reputation of this organization as well as causing them some financial losses. Since the top management knew about the behavior of Mark Mclnnes, they should have warned him when the first incident appeared. Given they were aware of sexual harassment conduct of Mclnnes previously, they could have prevented similar cases from happening if they had taken a disciplinary action against him. It should be clear that the employer is liable to such crimes given the perpetrator is connected with employer in terms of employment even if the acts happens away from workplace. David Jones also turned a blind eye on the matter and didnt realize the impact such cases would have on the reputation of the company. The company should have tried to handle the matter internally before letting them go public. They should have listened to Fraser-Kirk and dealt with McInnes. Turning a blind eye and ear to the junior employees creates a loop hole of destroying image of a company. Despite the fact that Mark McInnes was a superior man in the organization and had a considerable power over the junior employees, that did not give him mandate or opportunity to sexually harass them. The company had been known of the existence of the culture of sexual harassment. Therefore, if the company had put into consideration the feedback from the public, it could have prevented itself from this devastating issue. Fraser-Kirk claims she had reported the matter to public relations general manager of the company, Anne-Maree Kelly but she just dismissed her. She told her next time he (McInness) tries that she just has to say no and he would back off (Judd and Easteal, p. 1). It means the public relations manager did not perform her work effectively. If she did she wouldnt have taken the matter lightly. During the period Mclness was in David Jones Ltd, he was known by the female employees of his bad conduct due to his sexual harassment behavior and abusive language. The bullying took another approach in the company as it was adopted by other senior managers making the junior staff to be reluctant and afraid in raising concerns. The top management especially the PR team did not correct the senior employees and this affected the companys image. Ways the Company could have handled the Case. The fact that Fraser-Kirk had reported the matter to the public relations general manager, she should have called Mclnnes and warned him of the consequences that would befall him if he does not change. Turning a blind eye to issues that affects junior employees in an organization is not healthy to the growth of a company. The company should also have adopted the Two Way Symmetric Model of the PR theories. This model enables a company to build and improve on its image from the feedback it gathers from the public. The fact that Mclnnes behavior was known and he had sexually harassed several ladies before, they should have known eventually he would tarnish the whole image of the company. The company should also have aimed in improving the relationship between the junior and senior employees and teach the seniors to respect the juniors. Need for Business to Protect itself from Sexual harassment Claims Once an employee harasses another employee, she can sue both the employer and the perpetrator. To avoid such cases therefore, an organization should protect itself from getting caught up in such scenarios. Proper policies and strategies should be in place to protect themselves from any potential risks that may arise from sexual harassment claims. Sexual harassment is increasing in workplace now days due to increased moral decay in the society. An organization should therefore have rules and regulations governing the employees behavior and conduct in the workplace. Proper policies that should be adhered strictly by the employees can guard from such unethical behavior. An organization should define sexual harassment and give examples of sexual harassment to its employees. It should indicate how to prevent occurrence of sexual harassment and the procedure of making a complaint in case it happens (McDonald et al., p. 53). An organization should also indicate the role of management in preventing such cases from happening. These rules should be clearly indicated and available to every employee. If an organization incorporates these policies in terms of employment, then it would be safe since every employee will be required to put a signature as a confirmation he/she read and understood them. If David Jones Ltd had such policies, it would not suffer from Mclnnes bad behavior. Conclusion Public relations aim to protect and boost the image of a company. Having qualified and proper PR management will ensure success of an organization. Employees and managers should be trained on suitable workplace behavior and how to relate with each other. Appropriate policies to deal with sexual harassment complaints should be adopted by every organization so as to prevent such issues from reaching the public hence destroying the organizations image. References Gandy Jr, O.H., 2013. Public relations and public policy: The structuration of dominance in the information age. Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II, p. 131. Grunig, L.A., 2013. Toward the philosophy of public relations. Rhetorical and critical approaches to public relations, pp.65-91. Judd, K. and Easteal, P., 2013. Media Reportage of Sexual Harassment: The (In) credible Complainant. Denning LJ, 25, p.1. Judd, K., 2016. Sexual harassment law in Australia. Legaldate, 28(3), p.11. Kim, J.N., Hung-Baesecke, C.J.F., Yang, S.U. and Grunig, J.E., 2013. A strategic management approach to reputation, relationships, and publics: The research heritage of the excellence theory. The handbook of communication and corporate reputation, pp.197-212. McDonald, P., Charlesworth, S. and Graham, T., 2015. Developing a framework of effective prevention and response strategies in workplace sexual harassment. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 53(1), pp.41-58. Roberts, B.S. and Mann, R.A., 2015. Sexual harassment in the workplace: A primer. Akron Law Review, 29(2), p.5.