Shakespeares Sonnet 1 A Study Guide

Sonnet 1 is the first of 17 poems by Shakespeare that focuses  on  a beautiful young man having children  to pass on his lovely genes to a new generation. It is one of the better poems in the series of Fair Youth Sonnets, which has led to speculation that, despite its name, it was not actually the first written of the group. Rather, it was chosen as the first sonnet in the folio because it is so compelling.   With this study guide, better understand the themes, sequences, and style of Sonnet 1. Doing so can assist you as you write a critical analysis of the poem or prepare for a test on Shakespeares sonnets. The Poems Message Procreation and obsession with beauty are the major themes of Sonnet 1, which is  written in  iambic pentameter  and follows  traditional  sonnet form.  In the poem, Shakespeare suggests that if the fair youth does not have children, it would be selfish, as it would deprive the world of his beauty. Instead of hoarding his loveliness, the young man should share it with future generations. If not, he will  be remembered as a narcissist. Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not? The reader  must remember  that the poet becomes obsessed with the fair youth and his life choices. Also, perhaps the fair youth isnt selfish but simply  hesitant to have sexual relations with a woman. He may be homosexual, but such a sexual orientation was not accepted in society at that time. By encouraging the youth to partake in a male/female relationship, one could speculate that the poet attempts to deny his own romantic feelings toward the young man. Analysis and Translation The sonnet is addressed to the poet’s very handsome friend. The reader is  unaware of his identity or whether he existed at all. The poet’s preoccupation with the fair youth starts here and continues through 126 poems. It is therefore plausible that he did exist, as he must have made an impact to inspire all of this work. In the poem, Shakespeare uses a rose analogy that draws upon the seasons to make his point. He does this  in later poems,  including  the famous Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day,  where he uses autumn and winter to describe death. In Sonnet 1, however,  he alludes to spring. This makes sense, as the poem discusses procreation and the fair youth enjoying being young without thinking about the future. Important Lines From Sonnet 1 Get better acquainted with Sonnet 1 with this roundup of key lines from the poem and their significance.   â€Å"That thereby beauty’s rose might never die.† In other words, time will take its toll on your looks, but your heir will remind the world of how beautiful you once were. â€Å"But as the riper should by time decrease / His tender heir might bear his memory.† Here, the poet tells the fair youth that hes so obsessed with his own beauty that hes creating a shortage of it, when he could be populating the world with it. â€Å"Pity the world, or else this glutton be / To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.† The poet wants the young man to know that he has an obligation to reproduce, or else be  remembered for his refusal to do so.

The Hippie Subculture Essay - 1440 Words

The Hippie Movement: The Philosophy behind the Counterculture The sixties was a decade of liberation and revolution, a time of great change and exciting exploration for the generations to come. It was a time of anti-war protests, free love, sit-ins, naked hippie chicks and mind-altering drugs. In big cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Paris, there was a passionate exchange of ideas, fiery protests against the Vietnam War, and a time for love, peace and equality. The coming together of like-minded people from around the world was spontaneous and unstoppable. This group of people, which included writers, musicians, thinkers and tokers, came to be known as the popular counterculture, better known as hippies. The dawning†¦show more content†¦They chose to rub against the grain of society, not with it. The very clothes they wore were a testament to their individuality. From bell bottom pants, halter tops, tie-dye prints, all the way to their preferred style of long, straight hair or picked out afros, the hippies were a nything socially undignified (West, 2008). They listened to the sounds of Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Jimi Hendrix, and the Grateful Dead while experimenting with recreational drugs, most specifically marijuana, psychedelic mushrooms and LSD. In a time where adults were going to work, church, and attempting to stay a virgin until marriage, the hippies were anything but conservative and society rejected them for that. They enjoyed living a life of deviance and being unconventional and were happy living outside of the mainstream (West, 2008). Their way of life can be best described by the labeling theory, the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions (Macionis, 2008). Conforming was bad and diversity and difference was to be celebrated. Authority was bad and it was popular to ridicule anyone no matter what their position in life. Anything regarded as a â€Å"social grace† was tossed and therefore t heir society was looked down upon. The social movement of the hippies can be explained as part of the new social movement’s theory,Show MoreRelatedThe Hippie Subculture of the 1960s Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThere was a major turning point on the idealistic life in the sixties its effect tarnished many families.  ¶ The corner of Haight and Ashbury marks the spot of where the hippie subculture began. â€Å" Initially it was a youth movement that started during the early 1960’s and spread all over the world† (Stone, Skip). The word hippie derives from â€Å"hipster which is someone who rejects the established culture† (Web Dictionary). Hippies rejected and established institutions, criticized middle-class valuesRead MoreThe Punk Subculture And The Hippie Counter Culture813 Words   |  4 PagesSubculture is just a smaller culture within a much broader and mainstream or dominant culture and is used to study cultures. It basically explains how some groups behave towards society or other subgroups. The punk subculture is a counter culture and has a sundry selection of ideologies, music, and fashion. In the late 1960s is roughly when punks came about. They are more centered on their style of music called punk rock which is a more aggressive and fast-paced style of rock and rol l. This musicRead MoreEssay The Hippie Movement of 1960s America1422 Words   |  6 Pagesconvictions. The American hippie movement of the 1960s was strengthened by the drastic increase of the youth population because of the the baby boomers, a longer adolescent period due to the improved economy, and the use of media and communications, such as TVs and radical college newspapers. There were two reactions to the hippie movement: the first, an angry uproar across the fifty states from the elder upper classes, and second, an inspiration for a few to try the hippie ways themselves. â€Å"A few†Read MoreHow Was Sgt? Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band By The Beatles1025 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased and the album that would change the way people looked at them as a band and as music as a whole. ‘ Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band was The Beatles eighth studio album and took them 5 months to complete. At the time of the release, hippie culture was prevailing and this year is widely remembered as the summer of love. 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However, where most hippies were pacifists who desired peace andRead MoreThe Hippie Movement of the 1960s Essay example646 Words   |  3 PagesThe hippie subculture was originally a youth movement beginning in the United States around the early 1960s and consisted of a group of people who opposed political and social orthodoxy, choosing an ideology that favored peace, love, and personal freedom. The hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, were usually eco-friendly and vegetarians, and promoted the use of psychedelic drugs. They created their own communitiesRead MoreCarnatic Music888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 1. The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. 2. The word hippie came from hipster, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into New York Citys Greenwich Village and San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury district. 3. The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain, though by the 1940s both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated;Read MoreThe Hippie Culture And Style2286 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing the ‘hippie’ culture and style, their impact on the 60s and their continued impact in modern life. In today s world, hippies are known because of the distinct way in which they behave, dress and their overall lifestyles. There are also some who have come to believe that hippies are synonymous with drugs or that they have radical political views on environmentalism, capitalism, religion e.t.c. The dictionary defines a hippie as one who doesn’t conform to society’sRead MoreSociology Forrest Gump Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagessocial norms, but it seemed to work to his advantage. Jenny Curran, a complete contrast to the character of Forrest Gump, is the love of Forrest’s life. Jenny leads a rebellious, independent life of a hippie and drug addict. The counterculture of the 1960’s could be described Elliott 4 as a subculture which rejected the conventional social norms of the 1950s.Hippies differentiated themselves from the larger culture from which they belonged. These counterculture youth rejected the cultural standardsRead MoreContrasting the Contemporary Hipster with the Classical Hippie1899 Words   |  8 Pagesof trendsetters. This esteemed title however has been recently craved by so many, it has incubated the newest and most recent trend in subcultures across the globe: Hipsters. What’s curious about it, however, is that unlike massive and contagious movements in history (as with hippies), Hipsters are characterized by their unrevealed sense of identity to the subculture that surrounds him/her. Hippies on the other hand, although with similar characteristics, physical traits and beliefs, stand parallel

Right to Counsel Free Essays

Right to Counsel CJA/364 October 9, 2011 Right to Counsel Every individual is afforded the right to counsel in criminal proceedings. It is the liability of the government to provide every defendant facing criminal charges with legal representation that also is considered sufficient (2011). The Sixth Amendment to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Counsel or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Constitution guarantees every individual the right to a swift and public trial from an unbiased jury of his or her peers in the state or district in which the crime was committed in (1995-2011). The district should have been beforehand established by law, and to be educated of the nature and reason for the charge, the right to face the eyewitness in opposition of him or her, to have necessary process for gathering eyewitnesses in his or her support (1995-2011). Last, the Sixth Amendment affords and individual the right to have the aid of an attorney for his or her defense (1995-2011). The last statement of the Sixth Amendments establishes that every individual has a right to counsel from the very second he or she is placed in police confinement (2011). The judgments of the U. S. Supreme Court also indicates that the Right to Counsel be provided to any individual who is insolvent or penniless and that the individual is guaranteed the right to the attendance of a court-appointed counsel at a crucial point in the criminal trial (2011). The crucial points of these proceedings are composed of custodial questioning, pre-charge lineups, preliminary examinations, arraignment, trial, punishment, and the first appeal of guilty verdict (2011). The Right to Counsel was initiated as a response to the English custom of refusing the aid of counsel in severe criminal proceedings that forces individuals to be present in court and represent his or herself in his or her own words (2011). An example of the strictness of the practice to deny counsel is evident in the trial of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots in 1568 (2011). Queen Mary was indicted for treason for supposedly plotting to kill Queen Elizabeth I (2011). Queen Mary requested the aid of an attorney on the basis that the laws and statutes of England were unfamiliar to her, she was without an attorney and no one would stand up and speak for her (2011). Queen Mary was eventually found guilty of her crimes and sentenced to death by beheading (2011). The creators of the U. S. Constitution deemed the denial of an attorney revolting to the fundamental ideology of criminal justice (2011). The creators of the U. S. Constitution ascertained that the aid of an attorney was an important factor in sustaining an accusatorial method of justice (2011). The accusatorial method of justice leaves the problem on the state to determine the guiltiness of the defendant (2011). The accusatorial method is in disagreement with the inquisitorial method in which fault or blamelessness is established through questioning of the defendant (2011). The Supreme Court also has interpreted the Sixth Amendment to mean that a defendant is entitled to an attorney that the attorney must also be effective in representing the defendant (2011). The Supreme Court interpreted this to mean that the representation must be diligent and significant (2011). The Supreme Court established that if a defendant is not provided with effective counsel during court proceedings, the conviction could be overturned (2011). The Supreme Court has also established that although the Sixth Amendment guarantees an individual the right to have an attorney, whether the attorney is hired or delegated by the courts that an individual may also represent his or herself (2004-2011). Any individual has the right to represent his or herself in court but a judge may refuse the individual that right to be his or her own counsel if the judge deems the individual lacks the capability to exercise a knowing or competent dismissal of an attorney (2004-2011). The judge may also deny an individual the right to represent his or herself if the representation is in any way disorderly of normal court proceedings (2004-2001). The right for an individaul to represent his or herself is granted only at normal court proceedings and is not available when a case is before the courts on appeal (2004-2011). If a person is granted the right to represent his or herself in court, that individual cannot later state the quality of his or her defense deprived him or her of sufficient aid to an attorney (2004-2011). The crucial components of right to an attorney is highlighted in the case of McKaskle v. Wiggins that detailed the self-represented defendants rights vis-a-vis â€Å"standby counsel† delegated by the trial court (2004-2011). If the defendant is representing his or herself, he or she has the power of how information is presented to the jurors (2004-2011). Even if there is an attorney on standby, the attorney’s presence should in no way alter the jury’s assessment that the individual is representing his or herself (2004-2011). But involvement of a standby attorney in the company of the jury and despite the protest of the defendant does not infringe on the defendants constitutional rights afforded by the Sixth Amendment when the aid is in agreement with normal courtroom principles and practices that alleviates the trail judge of these responsibilites (2004-2011). Some defendants may think it is wise to represent his or herself but if the individual is not well versed in the law he or she could make major mistakes that may cause him or her to lose his or her freedom. It is said that a person who represents his or herself has a fool for a client. An attorney is a delegate of citizens, an officer of the criminal justice system and the public that has an accountability to ensure justice is dispensed (1995-199). The role of an attorney has many facets; a consultant, promoter, delegate, mediator, and an assessor (1995-1999). As a consultant an attorney notifies his or her client with knowledge of his or her constitutional rights and responsibilites and clarifies his or her realistic suggestions (1995-1999). As a promoter an attorney feverously emphasizes the client’s point under the standards of the adversary method (1995-1999). As a delegate an attorney searches for an outcome beneficial to the client but uniform with the necessities of truthful dealings with others (1995-1999). As a mediator among clients an attorney searches to settle his or her conflicting interest (1995-1999). As an assessor an attorney researches his or her client’s legal dealings and informs the client or others of the legal dealings (1995-1999). In criminal court proceedings the prosecutor who works for the state, and the defense attorney who can also work for the state but is there to aid the defendant. The U. S. Supreme Court established in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright that the basic role of applies in a just criminal justice system (2011). The Justices collectively determined that the states possess a legal responsibility afforded within the Sixth and 14th Amendments to offer counsel to any individual who cannot afford one (2011). The judgment emphasized that a penniless individual in a criminal proceeding is guaranteed the aid of an attorney as a basic civil right necessary to ensure a just trial, a client’s trial and sentence deprived of an attorney is an infringement of the 14th Amendment (2011). The privilege to have an ttorney is the most basic bureaucratic safety measure to ensure a just trial in which the government and the defendant stand alike in the eyes of the law (2011). As stated earlier, the Supreme Court established that if a defendant is not provided with effective counsel during court proceedings, the conviction could be overturned (2011). References Right to Counsel 2011 http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/right+to+counsel Retrieved October 9, The Exclusionary Rule January 16, 1999 The United States Constitution 1995-2011 U. S. Constitution Online http://www. usconstitution. net/const. html#Am1 Retrieved October 9, 2011 Self Representation 2004-2011 http://supreme. justia. com/constitution/amendment-06/16-self-representation. html Retrieved October 9, 2011 Preamble: A Lawyer’s Responsibilites 1995-1999 Touch N’ Go Systems http://touchngo. com/lglcntr/ctrules/profcon/profcon. htm Retrieved October 9, 2011 National Committee on the Right to Counsel 2011 National Legal Aid and Defender Associaton http://www. nlada. org/Defender/Defender_Kit/NCRC Retrieved October 9, 2011 How to cite Right to Counsel, Papers

Public Relations Customers and Investors

Question: Discuss about the Public Relationsfor Customers and Investors. Answer: Introduction Proper relationship between the employees and employers is essential for success of an organization. How employees relate with each other is also crucial as well as the relationship between an organization and the public. Therefore, the concept of public relations comes forth in any business setup. Public relations (PR) is concerned with how a company or an organization communicates with the public as well as the media. Communication can be direct or indirect. In either case the aim of PR is to establish a strong relationship between the customers or the public and the organization. Communication can be in form of press releases, public appearances, online communication and newsletters. A good reputation can help a company thrive in this competitive world of businesses (Gandy, p. 131). Therefore, this paper discusses PR theories applied in businesses, Kristy Fraser-Kirk legal case against David Jones Ltd, PR errors made by this organization and how to handle issues arising from busin ess setup without damaging the companys image. PR Theories Public views on organization will determine its success or its failure. Proper strategies need to be put into place in ensuring the communication between the organization and the public is clear, unambiguous and honest. Making the public and other stakeholders understand why an organization operates as it does, saves the company from wrong critics. PR theories and models has brought more understanding and advancement in public relations field. It has enabled businesses to have good relationship with the public as well as operate in a more ethical manner. There are four public relations models developed by Grunig and Hunt. The press Agentry model that depends on behavior manipulation. The aim is to caption the attention of the public by influencing their opinions. It does not put into consideration accuracy and credibility. It does not seek the feedback of the customers. Its a one-way communication to persuade the public to buy the products and services of the company (Grunig, p. 83). Public information model which focusses on the accuracy of the information delivered to the public. Though it is a one-way communication, it indulges a little bit in doing research on the audience and it encourages ethical practices. Two Way Asymmetric Model focuses on the customers feedback. However, their intention is to influence audience altitude but not to improve operations of the organization. It creates unbalanced communication as their aim is to get into the public psychology so as to get an effective reaction. Two Way Symmetric Model- Its the most ethical model as it focuses on dialogue rather than monologue. The public feedback is used to change the operations of the organization (Kim et al., p. 208). They aim in achieving mutual understanding, mutual respect, negotiation and proper conflict resolution with the public. Kristy Fraser-Kirk Legal Case Against David Jones Ltd Cases of sexual harassment in workplace has always been there only that many people do not come out to report due to fear of intimidation. Fraser-Kirk was an employee of David Jones Ltd. She filed a legal case against her employer due to unwelcome sexual advances from Mark Mclnnes. She filed her claim under Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (SD Act), stating sex-based discrimination and unlawful sexual harassment (Judd, p. 11). Fraser-Kirk was suing a number of people in this company; David Jones Limited (her employer), Mark Mclnnes (Chief Financial Officer), Paul Zahra (who replaced Mclnnes after resigning) and all board members. This was the hugest Australias sexual harassment case which saw David Jones Ltd part with $850, 000. When to File Sexual harassment Claim It is unlawful in many countries for an employer to sexually harass an employee or for an employee to harass another employee. In Australia such allegations are forbidden under SD Act, section 28B (6) and anyone found guilty in the court of law is filed a huge penalty and imprisonment for many years. The complaint of sexual harassment has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the penetrator has engaged in; unwelcome advances, conduct of sexual nature (Roberts and Mann, p. 5) and under the circumstances the act occurred it was humiliating, intimidating and offending to the complaint. PR Errors made by David Jones Limited The case filed by Kirsty Fraser-Kirk against David Jones Ltd, destroyed the reputation of this organization as well as causing them some financial losses. Since the top management knew about the behavior of Mark Mclnnes, they should have warned him when the first incident appeared. Given they were aware of sexual harassment conduct of Mclnnes previously, they could have prevented similar cases from happening if they had taken a disciplinary action against him. It should be clear that the employer is liable to such crimes given the perpetrator is connected with employer in terms of employment even if the acts happens away from workplace. David Jones also turned a blind eye on the matter and didnt realize the impact such cases would have on the reputation of the company. The company should have tried to handle the matter internally before letting them go public. They should have listened to Fraser-Kirk and dealt with McInnes. Turning a blind eye and ear to the junior employees creates a loop hole of destroying image of a company. Despite the fact that Mark McInnes was a superior man in the organization and had a considerable power over the junior employees, that did not give him mandate or opportunity to sexually harass them. The company had been known of the existence of the culture of sexual harassment. Therefore, if the company had put into consideration the feedback from the public, it could have prevented itself from this devastating issue. Fraser-Kirk claims she had reported the matter to public relations general manager of the company, Anne-Maree Kelly but she just dismissed her. She told her next time he (McInness) tries that she just has to say no and he would back off (Judd and Easteal, p. 1). It means the public relations manager did not perform her work effectively. If she did she wouldnt have taken the matter lightly. During the period Mclness was in David Jones Ltd, he was known by the female employees of his bad conduct due to his sexual harassment behavior and abusive language. The bullying took another approach in the company as it was adopted by other senior managers making the junior staff to be reluctant and afraid in raising concerns. The top management especially the PR team did not correct the senior employees and this affected the companys image. Ways the Company could have handled the Case. The fact that Fraser-Kirk had reported the matter to the public relations general manager, she should have called Mclnnes and warned him of the consequences that would befall him if he does not change. Turning a blind eye to issues that affects junior employees in an organization is not healthy to the growth of a company. The company should also have adopted the Two Way Symmetric Model of the PR theories. This model enables a company to build and improve on its image from the feedback it gathers from the public. The fact that Mclnnes behavior was known and he had sexually harassed several ladies before, they should have known eventually he would tarnish the whole image of the company. The company should also have aimed in improving the relationship between the junior and senior employees and teach the seniors to respect the juniors. Need for Business to Protect itself from Sexual harassment Claims Once an employee harasses another employee, she can sue both the employer and the perpetrator. To avoid such cases therefore, an organization should protect itself from getting caught up in such scenarios. Proper policies and strategies should be in place to protect themselves from any potential risks that may arise from sexual harassment claims. Sexual harassment is increasing in workplace now days due to increased moral decay in the society. An organization should therefore have rules and regulations governing the employees behavior and conduct in the workplace. Proper policies that should be adhered strictly by the employees can guard from such unethical behavior. An organization should define sexual harassment and give examples of sexual harassment to its employees. It should indicate how to prevent occurrence of sexual harassment and the procedure of making a complaint in case it happens (McDonald et al., p. 53). An organization should also indicate the role of management in preventing such cases from happening. These rules should be clearly indicated and available to every employee. If an organization incorporates these policies in terms of employment, then it would be safe since every employee will be required to put a signature as a confirmation he/she read and understood them. If David Jones Ltd had such policies, it would not suffer from Mclnnes bad behavior. Conclusion Public relations aim to protect and boost the image of a company. Having qualified and proper PR management will ensure success of an organization. Employees and managers should be trained on suitable workplace behavior and how to relate with each other. Appropriate policies to deal with sexual harassment complaints should be adopted by every organization so as to prevent such issues from reaching the public hence destroying the organizations image. References Gandy Jr, O.H., 2013. Public relations and public policy: The structuration of dominance in the information age. Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II, p. 131. Grunig, L.A., 2013. Toward the philosophy of public relations. Rhetorical and critical approaches to public relations, pp.65-91. Judd, K. and Easteal, P., 2013. Media Reportage of Sexual Harassment: The (In) credible Complainant. Denning LJ, 25, p.1. Judd, K., 2016. Sexual harassment law in Australia. Legaldate, 28(3), p.11. Kim, J.N., Hung-Baesecke, C.J.F., Yang, S.U. and Grunig, J.E., 2013. A strategic management approach to reputation, relationships, and publics: The research heritage of the excellence theory. The handbook of communication and corporate reputation, pp.197-212. McDonald, P., Charlesworth, S. and Graham, T., 2015. Developing a framework of effective prevention and response strategies in workplace sexual harassment. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 53(1), pp.41-58. Roberts, B.S. and Mann, R.A., 2015. Sexual harassment in the workplace: A primer. Akron Law Review, 29(2), p.5.

Tribute Speech Essay Example

Tribute Speech Essay I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attention-getting statement: â€Å"Anyone who has lost track of time when using a computer knows the propensity to dream, the urge to make dreams come true and the tendency to miss lunch.† This is one famous quote of the person behind the phenomenal World Wide Web. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis statement: Let me take this opportunity to talk to you about the great mind of Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, whose intelligence, creativity and innovation made the whole world unite through a unique medium called the World Wide Web. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preview of main points: First, I will talk about Sir Tim Berners-Lee’s education and work background, second, I will let you know of his major contributions in the world of technology, and lastly, I will enumerate some of the great awards and recognitions he received from different bodies and organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Tribute Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tribute Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tribute Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Transition: Let us first talk about his background. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Main Point 1: Background 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Timothy â€Å"Tim† John Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London, England from a couple who were both mathematicians. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Berners-Lee graduated from The Queen’s College, Oxford University, England. He took up Bachelor of Arts in Physics and finished the course in 1976. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During his stay in Queen’s College, he made his first computer using only an M6800 processor, TTL gates, soldering iron and a television. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1976, he worked at Plessey Telecommunications Limited with a role of a programmer. He then left the company for D. G. Nash Limited in 1978 where his main responsibility is to write typesetting software and a multi-tasking operating system. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He also worked at Image Computer Systems Limited with technical design work before he took up fellowship at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1984. Transition: Now, let’s take a look at Sir Berners-Lee’s work and contributions to the world of technology. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MainPoint 2: Contributions 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When he was a consultant at CERN, he proposed a project based on the idea of hypertext for easy file sharing and updating among researchers, and built a prototype system which he named Enquire. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When he returned to CERN as a fellow, he saw the opportunity to integrate his idea of hypertext with the Internet, thus the formation of the World Wide Web in 1991. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first web browser and editor called WorldWideWeb was designed and built by Sir Berners-Lee. He developed this browser on NeXTSTEP. He also built the first web server called the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol daemon or httpd. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was established by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1994 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3C’s mission is to create standards and improve the overall quality of the Internet. nbsp; Transition: Last but not the least, let me tell you about the different awards and recognitions he received because of his great contributions. nbsp; C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Main Point 3: Awards and Recognitions 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first to recognize Sir Berners-Lee’s contribution in developing the World Wide Web was the University of Southampton. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He was appointed Officer in the Order of the British Empire in 1997, was a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2001 and in 2002, received recognition from the Science and Technology Foundation of Japan. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also in 2002, he was given the Principe de Asturias award in the category of Scientific and Technical Research. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In April 2004, Sir Tim Berners-Lee bagged a cash prize of one million euros when he received the first Millennium Technology Prize award of Finland. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In July of 2004, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was awarded the rank of Knight Commander by Queen Elizabeth II. The rank is the second highest in the Order of the British Empire. nbsp; Transition: In conclusion†¦ nbsp; III.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, I have just talked about a man who have made a huge impact on how people communicate today and made the whole world unite by his creation of the World Wide Web: Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The things that I have told you about are: first, his education and work background; second, his great works and contributions; and third, the awards and recognitions he received. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just think about how the world could have been today had the World Wide Web not been formed and widely used by every person across the world. Thanks to the excellent contribution of Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee! nbsp; References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World Wide Web Consortium [http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html] 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee] 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brainy Quote [http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/t/tim_bernerslee.html] nbsp; nbsp; 1. Why are you speaking? I am speaking to let my audience (my fellow students) know the person behind one of the greatest works in the history of mankind. I want my fellow students to know his background and work that he may serve as a role model for us. 2. How will you adapt to your audience (your fellow students)? My speech is plain and simple that talks about Tim Berners-Lee’s background, contributions and recognitions. The way I will be delivering it is simple and the topic is quite general that all my fellow students would understand. 3. Where and when will you be speaking? I will be speaking in a classroom setting. 4. What ideas and information should you include? Since my speech is a tribute to a person who has done a great work that made an impact to the whole world, I am including relevant information about his education and work background to know how he started. His different contributions and awards are also included in the speech to prove how great his works are. 5. How should you arrange your content? The contents of the speech are arranged in such a way that there is organization of thought. Framing the speech first, meaning giving an outline of what is to be talked about will give the audience an idea of what they are about to hear and, more or less, give them an idea of how long the speech will take. The main points will be discussed in detail. These points should be arranged in chronological order so as not to confuse the audience.   After which, a summary will be provided to repeat the main points and thesis statement of the speech. nbsp; 6. Are you believable? (i.e., What makes you credible to speak on this subject?) I have the credibility in speaking about this subject because I have a number of sources where I got all the information from and this is quite a general topic that anyone knowledgeable about the internet can talk about. 7. How should you deliver your speech? I should deliver my speech in a way that is not too formal since my audience is just my fellow students, yet not so casual also to still maintain my credibility as a speaker. The speech should also be delivered in a lively manner so the audience will not get bored listening to it. nbsp;

Essay Writing With Samples

Essay Writing With SamplesIf you are struggling to write a good essay, then you need to make use of samples. This is the best way to judge if you have the capability to write. The samples will serve as a guide in formulating your own essay. If you don't take your time in analyzing the samples, it may not be so easy for you to come up with a good essay.There are many places where you can find sample essays. The best place to get these samples is online. There are hundreds of these online sites, which provide you with ideas and samples in the form of essays. These are very useful and helpful in deciding on the style of the essay that you will write.You need to be careful in analyzing the samples. If you do not know how to analyze them, then it will be difficult for you to know whether you are able to write the essay well or not. The first step in doing this is that you should get the name of the author of the essay.In order to get the sample, you should either search for it or you can check the author's profile and then choose the one that you think will suit your paper. This is because there are many essays that are written by the authors and these are usually the ones that are liked by most people. The second step is to get in touch with the person who has the sample essay in his/her possession. Ask him/her for further details about the essay and then start writing it according to the sample.Once you have got the information, make the right choice. Make sure that you follow the sample and not follow the same style as the sample. You must have noticed that most of the writers, when they are studying for an exam or for a new assignment, often copy some words or sentences from the sample essay. This is a mistake and this will not help you in making your essay better.If you get the sample and then find that the style does not suit you, then it is time to rewrite the essay. It is very important that you write the essay in the same manner as the sample. You should tr y to write your essay in a similar manner as the sample.You should try to put all the points you want to make in the essay and then try to solve the puzzle in the same manner. One of the main benefits of the samples is that they will help you out in determining whether you have the ability to write the essay. Also, they will help you in coming up with a rough draft of the essay.Once you know the sample well, you can use them in your essay. You can use the sample as a foundation for your essay. Once you are through with your essay, you can now go through your notes and look for changes that you need to make in the essay. At this point, you can also change the style and direction of the essay.

A History of Dentistry and Dental Care

A History of Dentistry and Dental Care By definition, dentistry is a branch of medicine that involves diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of any disease concern about teeth, oral cavity, and associated structures. Who Invented the Toothbrush? Natural bristle brushes were invented by the ancient Chinese who made toothbrushes with bristles from the necks of cold climate pigs. French dentists were the first Europeans to promote the use of toothbrushes in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. William Addis of Clerkenwald, England, created the first mass-produced toothbrush. The first American to patent a toothbrush was H. N. Wadsworth and many American Companies began to mass-produce toothbrushes after 1885. The Pro-phy-lac-tic brush made by the Florence Manufacturing Company of Massachusetts is one example of an early American made toothbrush. The Florence Manufacturing Company was also the first to sell toothbrushes packaged in boxes. In 1938, DuPont manufactured the first nylon bristle toothbrushes. Its hard to believe, but most Americans did not brush their teeth until Army soldiers brought their enforced habits of tooth brushing back home after  World War II. The first real electric toothbrush was produced in 1939 and developed in Switzerland. In 1960, Squibb marketed the first American electrical toothbrush in the United States called the Broxodent. General Electric introduced a rechargeable cordless toothbrush in 1961. Introduced in 1987, Interplak was the first rotary action electrical toothbrush for home use. History of Toothpaste Toothpaste was used as long ago as 500 BC in both China and India; however, modern toothpaste was developed in the 1800s. In 1824, a dentist named Peabody was the first person to add soap to toothpaste. John Harris first added chalk as an ingredient to toothpaste in the 1850s. In 1873, Colgate mass-produced the first toothpaste in a jar. In 1892, Dr. Washington Sheffield of Connecticut manufactured toothpaste into a collapsible tube. Sheffields toothpaste was called Dr. Sheffields Creme Dentifrice. In 1896, Colgate Dental Cream was packaged in collapsible tubes imitating Sheffield. Advancements in synthetic detergents made after WWII allowed for the replacement of the soap used in toothpaste with emulsifying agents such as Sodium Lauryl Sulphate and Sodium Ricinoleate. A few years later, Colgate started to add fluoride to toothpaste. Dental Floss: An Ancient Invention Dental floss is an ancient invention. Researchers have found dental floss and toothpick grooves in the teeth of prehistoric humans. Levi Spear Parmly (1790-1859), a New Orleans dentist is credited as being the inventor of modern dental floss (or maybe the term re-inventor would be more accurate). Parmly promoted teeth flossing with a piece of silk thread in 1815. In 1882, the Codman and Shurtleft Company of Randolph, Massachusetts started to mass-produce unwaxed silk floss for commercial home use. The Johnson and Johnson Company of New Brunswick, New Jersey were the first to patent dental floss in 1898. Dr. Charles C. Bass developed nylon floss as a replacement for silk floss during WWII. Dr. Bass was also responsible for making teeth flossing an important part of dental hygiene. In 1872, Silas Noble and J. P. Cooley patented the first toothpick-manufacturing machine. Dental Fillings and False Teeth Cavities are holes in our teeth created by the wear, tear, and decay of tooth enamel. Dental cavities have been repaired or filled with a variety of materials including stone chips, turpentine resin, gum, and metals. Arculanus (Giovanni d Arcoli) was the first person to recommend gold-leaf fillings in 1848. False teeth date back as far as 700 BC. The Etruscans designed false teeth out of ivory and bone that were secured to the mouth by gold bridgework. The Debate about Mercury French dentists were the first to mix mercury with various other metals and plug the mixture into cavities in teeth. The first mixtures, developed in the early 1800s, had relatively little mercury in them and had to be heated to get the metals to bind. In 1819, a man named Bell in England developed an amalgam mix with much more mercury in it that bound the metals at room temperature. Taveau in France developed a similar mixture in 1826. In the Dentists Chair In 1848, Waldo Hanchett patented the dental chair. On January 26, 1875, George Green patented the first electric dental drill. Novocain: There is historical evidence that the ancient Chinese  used acupuncture  around 2700 BC to treat the pain associated with tooth decay. The first local anesthetic used in dentistry was cocaine, introduced as an anesthetic by Carl Koller (1857-1944) in 1884. Researchers soon began working on a non-addictive substitute for Cocaine, and as a result of German chemist, Alfred Einkorn introduced Novocain in 1905. Alfred Einkorn was researching an easy-to-use and safe local anesthesia to use on soldiers during wartime. He refined the chemical procaine until it was more effective, and named the new product Novocain. Novocain never became popular for military use; however, it did become popular as an  anesthetic among dentists. In 1846, Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, was the first dentist to use anesthesia  for tooth extraction.​ Orthodontics: Although teeth straightening and extraction to improve the alignment of remaining teeth has been practiced since early times, orthodontics as a science of its own did not really exist until the 1880s. The history of dental braces or the science of orthodontics is very complex. Many different inventors helped to create braces, as we know them today. In 1728, Pierre Fauchard published a book called the The Surgeon Dentist with an entire chapter on ways to straighten teeth. In 1957, the French dentist Bourdet wrote a book called The Dentists Art. It also had a chapter on tooth alignment and using appliances in the mouth. These books were the first important references to the new dental science of orthodontics. Historians claim that two different men deserve the title of being called The Father of Orthodontics. One man was Norman W. Kingsley, a dentist, writer, artist, and sculptor, who wrote his Treatise on Oral Deformities in 1880. What Kingsley wrote influenced the new dental science greatly. The second man who deserves credit was a dentist named J. N. Farrar who wrote two volumes entitled A Treatise on the Irregularities of the Teeth and Their Corrections. Farrar was very good at designing brace appliances, and he was the first to suggest the use of mild force at timed intervals to move teeth. Edward H. Angle (1855-1930) devised the first simple classification system for malocclusions, which is still in use today. His classification system was a way for dentists to describe how crooked teeth are, what way teeth are pointing, and how teeth fit together. In 1901, Angle started the first school of orthodontics. In 1864, Dr. S.C. Barnum of New York invented the rubber dam. Eugene Solomon Talbots (1847-1924) was the first person to use X-rays for orthodontic diagnosis, and Calvin S. Case was the first person to use rubber elastics with braces. Invisalign Braces: They were invented by Zia Chishti, are transparent, removable, and moldable braces. Instead of one pair of braces that are constantly adjusted, a series of braces are worn in succession each created by a computer. Unlike regular braces, Invisalign can be removed for teeth cleaning. Zia Chishti, along with his business partner Kelsey Wirth, founded Align Technology in 1997 to develop and manufacture the braces. Invisalign braces were first made available to the public in May of 2000. The Future of Dentistry   The Future of Dentistry report was developed by a large group of experts in the dental profession. The report is intended to be a practical guide for the professions next generation. In an ABC News interview, Dr. Timothy Rose discussed: replacements for dental drills in development at the present time that use a very accurate spray of silica sand to actually cut and prepare teeth for filling and stimulating the jaws bone structure to spur new tooth growth. Nanotechnology: The newest thing in the industry is nanotechnology. The speed at which advances are being made in science has catapulted nanotechnology from its theoretical foundations straight into the real world. Dentistry also is facing a major revolution in the wake of this technology having already been targeted with novel nano-materials.